Kuphepha kwekudla nemanti emvakwesivunguvungu¶

Kudla lokonakele nemanti angaphephi kugulisa bantu labanyenti emvakwetivunguvungu, ema-typhoon, nema-cyclone, kantsi lokunyenti kwaloku kugula kungagwenywa. Lelikhasi likusita kunquma yini kudla lekufanele uyigcine neyekulahla, wenta emanti aphephe kunatswa nakungaphephi epayipini, bese udlisa tinsane nebantfwana labancane ngekuphepha ngesikhatsi tisebenti tingasebenti.

Nangabe wenta tintfo tintatu kuphela¶

1. Gcina lifriji netifreja livaliwe. Kudla kwelifriji akuphephi emvakwemahora lamane ngaphandle kwegezi ngaphandle kwetsi kuhlale kupholile ngeqhwa.
2. Lahla nome ngikudla lokutintene nemanti akukhukhuma, awukanambiti kudla kuhlola. Nangabe awukacinisekile, lahla.
3. Kuze tiphatsimandla titsho emanti wepayipi aphephile, natsa emanti webhodlela, nome ubilise emanti kubuza lokucinile emizuzwini emunye (emizuzu emitsatfu etulu kwemamitha layishumi (1,000 meters, 3,300 feet)).

Yenta emanti aphephe kunatswa¶

Emvakwesivunguvungu, cabanga kutsi emanti wepayipi, wesiwa, tanka tetimvula, netanka tinye tonkhe angaphephi kuze inkampani yakho yemanti nome tiphatsimandla temphilo yendzawo titsho ngalolunye. Kukhukhuma kuphusha lilinga, imitsi yetilwane, nemakhemikali emantini, futsi emanti angabukeka acacile ngalokuphelele. Nakwehla pressure yemanti, njengobe kungenzeka ngesikhatsi kucishwa gezi nome ekufohlokeni kwepayipi lenhloko, emanti wangaphandle angangena emapayipini ngetidzabuko netijoyini letingakacinwa kahle.

Kwenta emanti aphephe kunemincenye lemitsatfu: khetsa umtfombo lohlanzekile kakhulu, ususe lilinga, bese ubulala tikungani. Kubilisa nelibhulishi kubulala tikungani, kodvwa akususi lilinga nome emakhemikali. Cala ngemanti lacacile kakhulu longawafumana.

Nguyiphi emanti lekufanele usebentise kucala¶

Iqhwa, timfuno letitfolwa kumatjini, nemanti kusimakhi seqhwa lesikhukhumele akuphephi kuze emanti lawaveleko aphephe.

Bilisa emanti: indlela yencono kakhulu¶

Kubilisa yindlela lelula kakhulu nakunelogwalo nembiza. Sebentisa imbiza lenesicuba kuze emanti ashise ngasheshe.

• Nangabe emanti akhanyekile, uyekele ahlale phansi bese utela emanti lacacile, nome uhlute nge lembu lelihlanzekile, i-paper towel, nome i-coffee filter.
• Letsa kubuzeni lokucinile, lolo loyintfo tifinini tingchubeka tiphula indzawo yangetulu, bese uwagcina njalo umzuzu munye.
• Ngetulu kwemamitha lacishe layishumi (3,300 feet), bilisa emizuzu lemitsatfu.
• Yekela apole, bese ugcina kumetikani lahlanzekile lenetimboza letitsinyiwe. Bhala lilanga kunyinye.
• Kutfutsa lincasa, tela emanti ahlale ahamba emkhatsini wemetikani lamabili lahlanzekile, nome wengete siqutana sesawoti ngelitha linye (1 quart) emvakwekupola.

Kubilisa kusebentisa logwalo nesikhatsi, ngako hlela ngako. Bilisa lokungenele emahora lamanyenti, awukabilisi inkhomishi yinye ngesikhatsi. Lamanye emanti ayahwamuka ngesikhatsi sekubilisa, ngako cala ngalokungetiwe lincane.

Hlambulula ngebhulishi nangabe awukwati kubilisa¶

Sebentisa libhulishi lelejwayelekile lelendlu lelingenaphunga. Hlola likheli ngaphansi kwe-"active ingredient" kumandla e-sodium hypochlorite, lokujwayele kuba ema-5 kuya ku-9 phesenti. Nangabe likheli linika imiyalo yekunatsa emanti, ilandzele.

Awukasebentisi libhulishi lelinephunga, lelivikela imibala, lelingasabi, nome libhulishi lelinetihlanteli letengetiwe. Letimkhiqizo tinetinye tihlanganiso lokungakafaneli kutsi uwanatse.

Letheyibhula li kuphela kulibhulishi lelikuma-5 kuya ku-9 phesenti. Nangabe libhulishi lakho linemandla lahlukile, awukacabangi kusuka kuletheyibhula. Landzela likheli nome umnyango wakho wesizwe wemphilo. Umhlahlandlela wetfu temphahla temanti ukhuluma ngelibhulishi, tipilisi, nemafiltha ngalokugcwele.

• Hluta nome uyekele emanti ahlale phansi kucala nangabe akhanyekile.
• Faka libhulishi. Nangabe emanti akhanyekile nome anembala, phindzisa linani kabili.
• Nyakata kahle bese ulinda kungenani emizuzu lamashumi mastatfu ngaphambi kwekunatsa.
• Phunga emanti. Afanele aphunge sincane ngaklorini. Nangabe akaphunghi, faka lesabelo lesifanako kabusha bese ulinda lemizuzu lelishumi nesihlanu.
• Nangabe asenakho kuphunga ngaklorini, lahla bese ufuna lomunye umtfombo.

Tipilisi netimatfonsi tekuhlambulula emanti nato tiyasebenta. Landzela liphakiti, ngobe mkhiqizo ngamunye uphatsa linani lahlukile lemanti futsi udzinga sikhatsi lesahlukile sekulinda. Imikhiqizo ye-iodine ayifaneli bantu betisu, bantu labanetinkinga tethyroid, nome kusetjentiswa sikhatsi lesidze.

Kuhlola kwesheshe ngaphambi kwekunatsa¶

Sebentisa loluhlu nawungakacinisekile ngemtfombo wemanti.

• Ivela kubhodlela lelivaliwe yini? Nangabe yebo, yinatse.
• Ivela kumanti akukhukhuma, umfula, chibi, nome emanti lamile yini? Nangabe yebo, awukayinatsi, ngisho nasesiphetiwe.
• Ivela kupayipi, siwa, nome tanka yini? Nangabe yebo, ibilise nome uyihlambulule, uhlole sixwayiso sekubilisa emanti.
• Inephunga lelogwalo, emakhemikali, nome lilinga, nome ibukeka ine-oyili yini? Nangabe yebo, awukayisebentisi.

Tixwayiso tekubilisa emanti¶

Sixwayiso sekubilisa emanti kusuka kunkampani yakho yemanti kusho kutsi emanti wepayipi angatfwala tikungani. Sixwayiso sifaka emanti lasetjentiselwa:

• Kunatsa, nekwenta timfuno, iqhwa, neformula yesinsane
• Kuphekela nekugeza kudla
• Kugeza matinyo
• Kugeza tititja, ngaphandle kwetsi utele ngemanti lebilisiwe nome lehlambululiwe

Ngalokujwayelekile ungagezela nome ugezela ngekhatsi, kodvwa gcina emanti angangeni emlonyeni wakho. Nika tinsane nebantfwana labancane kugezelwa nge-sponge esikhundleni sekugeza ngekhatsi. Lahla iqhwa leyenteke emvakwekucala kwesixwayiso.

Chubeka ulandzela sixwayiso kuze tiphatsimandla tisikhiphe. Tikampani tetindzawo kanyenti tisikhipha emvakwekuhlola emanti futsi tatfola aphephile, kanyenti ngemihlolo lemibili letsatfwe ngelilanga lelihlukile. Tatinye tikampani bese ticela bantsengi kusebentisa amanzi labandza mizuzu lembalwa kuhlambulula emapayipi. Landzela imiyalo yenkampani yakho, akusiko kucabangela kummakhelwane.

Sikhatsi kudla lesihlala siphephile ngaphandle kwegezi¶

Sikhatsi sicala nakucishwa gezi. Bhala sikhatsi kuze ungalindzeli kucabanga kamuva. Gcina iminyango yelifriji netifreja ivaliwe, uhlole sikhatsi nawuvula kungenani.

Thermometer kulifriji nelifreza ususa kucabanga kuloku. Emazinga lahlanzekile ngu-4°C (40°F) nome kupholile ekamelweni lelifriji na-18°C (0°F) nome kubandza kakhulu kulifreza. Tenga thermometer yesisebenti ngaphambi kwesizini yetivunguvungu uyishiye ngekhatsi kwenyunithi ngayinye.

Iqhwa ligcina kudla kupholile. Gcwalisa i-cooler ngeqhwa nome ngemabhodlela wemanti lacinile, uyigcine emtfunjini. Iqhwa lelomile lingasha sikhumba futsi lidzinga umoya, ngako lisebentise ngeligalavu, awukalivali endzaweni lencane.

Kudla kwelifriji: gcina nome ulahle¶

Lahla kudla lokonakelako lokube etikwa-4°C (40°F) emahora lamabili nangetulu, nome lokunephunga, lokubukeka, nome lokuva lokungajwayelekile. Kudla kungatfwala tikungani letibangela kugula futsi kusabukeka futsi kuva kahle.

Likholomu "kanyenti kuyagcina" licabanga kutsi kudla kuhlale kupakiseni yangiko, longakonakali. Nangabe sitja nome ibhodlela savulwa nome savikonakala, siphatse njengekukonakalako.

Emaphutsa lajwayelekile nekudla kwelifriji¶

• Kuvula lifriji "kuhlola kuphela" ngalobo busuku bekucala. Kuvula nguyinye kukhipha umoya lopholile.
• Kucabanga kutsi kudla kuhle ngobe bekupholile nakucishwa gezi. Sikhatsi sichubeka sihamba.
• Kugcina litja lekudla lokusele kudla kamuva. Kudla lokuphekiwe lokushiywe ku-room temperature akuphephi kugcinwa.
• Kulahla kudla losakuhle, njengebhishi lecinile nome ibhotela lelingakavulwa. Sebentisa letheyibhula langetulu.

Kudla kwelifreza¶

Nakubuya gezi, hlola intfo nganye. Kudla lokusanemabhayisi weqhwa, nome lokuku-4°C (40°F) nome kubandza, kungafrijwa kabusha nome kuphekiwe. Kungenzeka kulahlekelwa kwenye incono, kodvwa kuphephile.

Lahla kudla lokufrijiwe lokucaco kucala sikwelula bese kuhlala etikwa-4°C (40°F) emahora lambili nangetulu. Nangabe awukwati kutsi, lahla. Inyama lecaco lecaco lebukeka inephunga lelijwayelekile isaphelele ingaphephi nangabe beyishisa sikhatsi lesidze.

Nangabe wati kutsi sivunguvungu siyeta, gcwalisa sikhala lesingenalutfo lefrezeni ngemetikani yemanti. Iqhwa ligcina kudla kupholile sikhatsi lesidze, bese kuba emanti ekunatseni njengobe anyibilika. Shiya indzawo lencane kuze emanti akhule, kungenzeka imetikani ifokloke.

Kudla lokutintene nemanti akukhukhuma¶

Kukhukhuma kuphatsa lilinga, logwalo, nemakhemikali. Lahla nome ngikudla lokutintenwe nakho, nenome ngikudla kupakhishi longekona ngekuphelele kuvikela emanti:

• Luvatelo lolusha lekusigadini nome kusibaya lesikhukhumele
• Kudla lekuphakishwe ku-cardboard, phepha, emasaka wamaplastic, nome kubhokisi, kufaka tilidvu, umcolo, kujuice emabhokisini, nemabhokisi weformula
• Tititja nemabhodlela lanecap yekuthandathela, lesivalo lesivalwako, lecap leciniswe, nome lecap lephendvulako, kufaka kudla lokugcinwe ekhaya
• Metikani letidvumbile, letitsinyiwe, letinonile, letivuzako, nome letivuliwe
• Emasaka langakacinile, ngaphandle kwetsi lomkhiqizi nome mnyango wakho wesizwe wekuphepha kwekudla atsi lesaka lingahlanjululwa futsi ligcinwe

Metikani letivaliwe letingakonakali tingagcinwa nangabe utihlanjululwe. Kukhukhuma kungangena ngaphansi kwemacuba nasetijoyini, ngako metikani lebukeka ilunge ingasagcina tikungani. Nangabe metikani ayicinisekiswe, lahla.

Kuhlambulula njani metikani¶

• Khipha emalebeli, bese ubhala lokungekhatsi nelilanga lekudla ngelo etikwemetikani nge-marker.
• Pholisha imdaka nelingcole, bese ugeza ngesepha nemanti lahlanzekile bese uwahluta.
• Hlambulula ngandlela yimbili. Tsandzisa metikani imizuzu lelishumi nesihlanu kunhlanganiso yenkhomishi yinye (ema-250 mL) yelibhulishi lelingenaphunga kuma-5 galoni (ema-19 litha) wemanti lahlanzekile. Nome bilisa metikani emantini lahlanzekile mizuzu lemibili.
• Yekela zikome kumoya, usebentise kudla ngasheshe njengobe ungakhona.

Timphahla tekhishini¶

Lahla boardi wesigodo wekusika, tipunu tesigodo, tulukhuni weplastic, ematitsi webhodlela lesinsane, nematilokhu letintenwe nemanti akukhukhuma. Akukwati kuhlanjululwa ngalokuphelele.

Geza matanki ensimbi, tititja te-ceramic, netulukhuni tensimbi ngesepha nemanti lelishisako. Bese ubahlambulula ngekubabilisa emantini lahlanzekile, nome kubatsandzisa mizuzu lelishumi nesihlanu kunhlanganiso yelibhulishi lefanako lesetjentiswe kumetikani. Yekela bakome kumoya ngaphambi kwekubasebentisa.

Kuphekela ngekuphepha ngaphandle kwegezi¶

Kuphekela ngaphandle kwegezi kuyingoti kakhulu ngenca yentutfu yelogwalo. Kudla lokungakaphekwa kahle yingoti yesibili.

• Phekela ngaphandle kuphela, khashane kakhulu nendlu, awukaphekeli egaraji, ku-porch levaliwe, nome ngaphansi kwecarport.
• Phekisa inyama, inkhuku, netinhlanti ngekuphelele. Thermometer yekudla iyindlela yencono yekuhlola.
• Dla kudla lokuphekiwe ngasheshe, awukagcini kudla lokusele ngaphandle kwegezi yekubanda.
• Sebentisa emanti webhodlela nome lebilisiwe kuphekela nekugeza luvatelo.
• Gcina inyama leluhlata khashane nekudla lokungesoze kuphekwe. Sebentisa tititja netimela letahlukile.
• Geza tandla ngaphambi nangemuva kwekuphatsa inyama leluhlata.

Ema-grill newama-camp stove akhiqiza carbon monoxide, lebulala ngemizuzu ngekhatsi. Buka kuphepha kwe-generator ne-carbon monoxide.

Tidlo letidzinga kuncane nome kute kuphekwa¶

Hlela tidlo letimbalwa letingadzingi kushisa nakona. Inhlanti yetikeni, tindlubu tetikeni lotihlanjululile, i-peanut butter, emabhiskidi, luvatelo lolomile, tinkhwa, nesobho sesikeni lesilungele kudliwa kwenta sisekelo lesihle. Gcina sivuli setikeni sesandla esikhwameni, ngobe setiliktriki ayasebenti. Phakisha kudla lokwenele lokulungele kudliwa kwemalanga lamatsatfu, ukubhencike njengobe tilanga tekusebentisa tidlula.

Kudlisa tinsane¶

Tinsane tigula kungenisi nemanti langaphephi ngasheshe kunebantu labadzala, ngako tincumo lotetsatsako kunsane libaluleke kakhulu.

• Nangabe umunyisa, chubeka. Kuyikudla lokuphephile kakhulu kunsane wakho emvakwesivunguvungu.
• Formula leyi-liquid letfolakala ilungele kudzinga lutho emanti futsi luyikhetho lephephile kakhulu nakungaphephi emanti. Gcina emathini nome mabhodlela esikhwameni.
• Hlanganisa formula lelupuludo ngemanti webhodlela kuphela, nome emanti lebilisiwe lapholile.
• Geza mabhodlela nematitsi ngemanti webhodlela nome lebilisiwe, nome usebentise mabhodlela lalahlwako.
• Formula lelungisiwe lenganafrijwa kufanele isetjentiswe emvakwemahora lamabili kusuka ekuhlanganisweni. Lahla loko insane lengakakugedli emvakwekudliswa.

Awukafaki emanti engetiwe kuformula kwenta ihlale isandla kakhulu. Formula lelincishiwe ayiniki insane kudla lokwenele. Nangabe ulimala lingekho lokwenele, buta sisebenti semphilo nome mtolamphilo lusito.

Buka tinsane nebantfwana kuluhlu lwetimphahla.

Kugeza tandla¶

Kugula lokunyenti kwesisu emvakwesivunguvungu kusakateka ngetandla. Geza ngesepha nemanti lephephile kungenani emizuzwana lamashumi mabili ngaphambi kwekudla nome kuphekela, emvakwekusebentisa lithoyilethi, emvakwekushintja tinepukini, nemvakwekuthinta emanti akukhukhuma nome imfucumfucu.

Nangabe emanti ashota, akha indzawo yekugeza tandla. Sebentisa imetikani yemanti laphatsisiwe lenesipampu, sitja sekuchatsa emanti, nesepha. Sanitizer yesandla lenekungenani ema-60 phesenti e-alcohol isebenta nangabe tandla atingcolile lotibonako. Ayisebenti kahle etandleni letinemafutsa nome lemdaka, ngako tigeze ngesepha nemanti kucala.

Tiphawu tekugula kusuka kudla nome emanti¶

Kuhlanya, kuhlanta, kucotjeka kwesisu, nefiva kungacala emahora lambalwa nome emalanga lambalwa emvakwekudla nome kunatsa intfo leyingaphephi. Ingoti lenkhulu kucala kulahlekelwa amanti lamanyenti.

• Natsa kancane emanti laphephile nome emasalt we-oral rehydration kanyenti, kancane ngesikhatsi.
• Fumana lusito lwemphilo ngasheshe kuletinsane, bantfwana labancane, bantu labadzala, nome nome ngubani wetisu nome unesifo sesikhatsi lesidze.
• Fumana lusito lwemphilo kunome ngubani lonegati etinyeni, fiva lenkhulu, longaphumi umcamo emahora lamanyenti, nome longakakwati kugcina emanti ngaphakathi.

Likhasi letfu nga tingoti temphilo emvakwesivunguvungu likhuluma ngetinye tetifo letilandzela kukhukhuma, kufaka kutsi wakha njani inhlanganiso ye-oral rehydration ekhaya.

Kugcina emanti nekudla kwesikhatsi lesilandzelako¶

Nakugezi sebuyile futsi emanti aphephile, sebentisa loku lokufundzile kuhlela. Gcina kungenani ema-4 litha (galoni linye) emanti ngemuntfu ngelilanga yekunatsa nekuhlanzeka lokusisekelo, ugcine emalanga lamanyenti ekudla lokungadzingi kuphekwa. Gcina emanti kumetikani lahlanzekile lenetimboza letitsinyiwe, khashane nekushisa nelilanga, bese uwashintja ngekululeka komkhiqizi wemetikani. Umhlahlandlela wemanti nekudla unemininingwane yekugcina.

Imihlahlandlela lehlobene¶

• Emanti nekudla
• Emahora lama-72 yekucala emvakwesivunguvungu
• Kudlulela sikhatsi lesidze lekucishwa gezi
• Tingoti temphilo emvakwesivunguvungu
• Tinsane nebantfwana