Tingoti tetivunguvungu: kukhukhuma, umoya, imvula, ema-tornado¶

Lelikhasi lichaza tingoti letivela nesivunguvungu, i-typhoon, nome i-cyclone, nalekufanele wenze ngayinye. Sivunguvungu siletsa tingoti letinyenti kanyekanye: kukhukhuma kwelwandle, umoya, kukhukhuma kwemanti ngemvula, kuwa kwemhlaba, ema-tornado, nekugeleza lokunemandla. Bese luhlu lolusha lwetingoti lulandzela emvakwaloko sidlula. Kwati kutsi yiphi ingoti leyonakalisa bantu abanyenti kakhulu kukusita kubeka sikhatsi sakho sekulungisela lapho kubaluleke.

Nangabe wenta tintfo tintatu kuphela¶

• Fumana nangabe likhaya lakho lisesifundeni sekukhukhuma kwelwandle nome sekukhukhuma kwemanti, bese unqume manje lapho ungaya khona.
• Awukazami kuhamba nome kushayela emotweni emantini akukhukhuma, ngesikhatsi sesivunguvungu nome emvakwaloko.
• Fundza tingoti temvakwesivunguvungu, ikakhulu ema-generator ne-carbon monoxide, ngobe lufo lolunyenti luvela kuhwalala ngemuva kwekuphela kwemoya.

Umtsetfo lolicacile: baleka emantini, fihla emoyeni¶

Baphatsi betimo tesiphuthfumo baphindza umtsetfo munye sizini ngasinye: baleka emantini, fihla emoyeni. Nangabe likhaya lakho lisendzaweni leyikhukhuma kusuke elwandle nome emifuleni, uhamba ngaphambi kwesivunguvungu. Nangabe akusincoki, futsi likhaya lakho liyimphilo, kugcinela gumbi lelingekhatsi kujwayele kuba kuphephile kunekushayela uye esivunguvungweni.

Yiphi ingoti ibaluleke kakhulu lapho uhlala¶

Bantu labanyenti bahlangabetana netingoti letinyenti, kodvwa yinye lejwayele kubaluleka kakhulu. Sebentisa litheyibhula leli kuze unqume lapho ungacala khona. Bese ufundze sigaba seleyo ngoti ngalokugcwele.

Kukhukhuma kwelwandle¶

Kukhukhuma kwelwandle ngemanti elwandle lachudzelwa emhlabeni ngumoya wesivunguvungu. Akusiwona ligagasi linye. Kuphakama kwelwandle lonkhe kuyakhuphuka, ngalesinye sikhatsi ngemamitha lamanyenti, bese kusala kuphakeme emahora lamanyenti, emagagasi etikwaloko akwenta kube kumbi kakhulu. Emanti ayachubeka angena nangekhatsi kutindlela, timigulundi, imifula, nemihlaba leyiphantsi.

Kukhukhuma kube yincenye yengoti kakhulu yema-hurricane sikhatsi lesidze. I-National Hurricane Center (NHC) ye-US ifumanisile kutsi ngalokunyenyane ingxenye yinye kwetimbili yalufo lwe-hurricane e-US kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-2012 kwavela kukukhukhuma kwelwandle. Emhlabeni wonkhe, tivunguvungu letibulele kakhulu kusimungulo tibulala baningi babazihlanganyeli batsi ngekukhukhuma. I-cyclone ye-Bhola yango-1970, kulendzawo manje ibitwa Bangladesh, ibulele bantu labalinganiselwa etikwetinkhulungwane letinyenti, kakhulukati ngekukhukhuma.

Emanti angakhuphuka ngalokuphangisako, futsi kanyenti afika ngaphambi kwelikati lesivunguvungu, bantu basadlalela bacabanga banesikhatsi. Emanti asindza kakhulu, futsi emanti lahambako lanemagagasi angasusa tindlu etisekelweni tato. Timoto, lebantu labanyenti batsemba tato kubaleka, tijwayele kuba ntfo yekucala kwehluleka.

Yini leyilawula kukhukhuma¶

Kukhukhuma kuncike kubukhulu besivunguvungu, lijubane, nelilengiso, kanye nesakhiwo selitfulu nelihlazi. Litfulu leliphantsi, leligobile kancane, netibhayi tifumana kukhukhuma lokuphakeme kakhulu. Sivunguvungu lesibuthakile lesikhulu kakhulu singachudzela emanti lamanyenti kunalesincane, lesinemandla, ngako awukangeti kukhukhuma ngesigaba.

Kukhukhuma nako kuhamba ngemifula netimigulundi. Lokusho kutsi likhaya leli khashane elwandle lisengekukhukhuma. Awukangeti bungoti bakho ngekutsi uwukhashane kangakanani elwandle.

Lekufanele wenze mayelana nekukhukhuma¶

1. Fumana sifunda sakho manje. Tive letinyenti timephu tifunda tekukhukhuma nekubalekiswa. Sebentisa likhasi letfu nga tifunda tekubalekiswa ne likhasi lakho lwendzawo kuze ufumane sakho.
2. Hamba nakutsho tiphatsimandla, ngaphambi kwekucala kwemoya. Tindlela tiyagcwala, imibhoshongo ingavalwa, futsi emahora yekugcina yisikhatsi lesiyingoti kakhulu sekushayela.
3. Nangabe awukhoni kuhamba, hambela emphakathi lephakeme yesakhiwo lesimile. Yenta lokhu kuphela nangabe tiphatsimandla atikatjeli kutsi uphume.
4. Nangabe emanti akhuphuka aye etulu, hamba kusenesikhatsi esikhundleni saloko. Etulu luhlwelwa lwekugcina, futsi kugaba uphahla kukhukhuma kunengoti.

Awudzingi kuhamba khashane njalo. Kuhamba kuphuma sifunda sekukhukhuma kanyenti kusho kuhamba emakhilomitha lambalwa (emamayela lambalwa) ngasekhatsi nome kuya endzaweni leliphakeme.

Kukhukhuma kwemanti ngemvula¶

Kukhukhuma kungenta khashane emakhilomitha lamakhulu (emamayela lamakhulu) kusuka elitfulini futsi emalanga emvakwekufika kwesivunguvungu. Etivunguvungweni letinyenti takamuva, imvula ibangele ingxenye yinkhulu yalufo, futsi ingenta kulimala kukhulu kunemoya. Kuma-live lanemintaba lafana ne-Philippines, iTaiwan, iJapan, iHaiti, ne-Central America, kukhukhuma kwemanti ngemvula nekuwa kwemhlaba kanyenti kuyintfo lebulala kakhulu.

Imvula lembi kakhulu ivela kutivunguvungu letihambahamba kancane nome letimile kuhamba, ngobe tehlisa imvula endzaweni leyifanako emahoreni nome emalangeni. Imifula ijwayele kukhuphuka lilanga nome emalanga lamabili ngemuva kwekuphela kwemvula, ngakho kukhukhuma kungaba kumbi ngesikhatsi libhakabhaka licacisako. Tivunguvungu letibuthakile netidepression tingaletsa imvula lenyenti njengaleto letinemandla.

Lufo lolunyenti lwekukhukhuma luvela nabantu bashayela nome bahamba emantini. I-US National Weather Service ixwayisa kutsi ema-15 cm (6 inches) yemanti lahamba ngesivinini angasusa umuntu omdzala etinyaweni takhe. Ema-30 cm (1 foot) yemanti lahambako angantantisa timoto letinyenti, futsi ema-60 cm (2 feet) angasusa timoto letinyenti, kufaka ema-SUV netibhakela. Indlela yangaphansi kwemanti nayo ingaphelile.

Nangabe emanti akukhuphuka akuzungetela¶

• Hambela endzaweni leliphakeme nome kusigaba sangetulu nangabe ungakhona kuyenta ngekuphepha. Awukahambi nome kunyazisa emantini lahamba kuze ufinyelele khona.
• Awukathintsi ema-switch egezi nome timishini ngesikhatsi umile emantini. Nangabe ungafinyelela ku-breaker yinhloko ngaphandle kwekuma emantini, cisha gezi lapho.
• Gcina tingane netilwane ngaphandle kwemanti. Emanti akukhukhuma angafihla timphahla letincayo, matalu lavulekile, nelibhuku.
• Shayela inombolo yakho yesiphuthfumo yendzawo (911 e-United States ne-Canada) nangabe ubambekile futsi awukwati kufinyelela endzaweni leliphephile.

Likhasi letfu nga kukhukhuma ngesikhatsi sesivunguvungu likhuluma ngalendzaba ngalokugcwele. Kutivunguvungu leziletsa imvula emalanga, buka tivunguvungu letidze.

Kuwa kwemhlaba nemdzaka¶

Imvula lenyenti kumwaba onkhe ingaletsa kuwa kwemiwaba, kanyenti ebusuku futsi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso lesinyenti. Kuwa kwemhlaba nemdzaka kugcwala tindlu, tindlela, nemoto, futsi kungenta khashane elwandle.

Timphawu tesixwayiso tifaka kudzabuka kokusha emhlabeni nome emabondzeni, tihlahla nome tinsika letigobile, emanti lamadaka langetiweni etigodzini, nemisindvo yekudvuma. Nangabe uhlala etikwemwaba nome ngaphansi kwawo, nome seduzane nesigodzi, hlela kuhamba ngaphambi kwekufika kwemvula lenyenti. Landzela tixwayiso tekuwa kwemhlaba tahulumende wakho wendzawo, futsi awukagcine kugumbi lelikhangele umwaba.

Nangabe umhlaba ucala kunyakata, suka kulowo mwaba uye luhlangothini, kungesi phansi endleleni yawo. Bese ushayele inombolo yakho yesiphuthfumo yendzawo usendzaweni leliphephile.

Umoya nemacwebe lahamba¶

Umoya we-hurricane uyadzabula luphahla, wephule tihlahla, futsi uphendvula tintfo tejwayelekile tibe timphahla letiphaphela. Kulimala kokunyenti kwemoya kuvela ematalwini, kungesi kumoya ngawo. Lugatja, likhwalithi lwetfu, nome situlo sembokodo lesihamba ngesivinini singangena efasitelweni nome ushaye umuntu.

Umoya lonemandla kakhulu usendaweni ye-eyewall seduze nelikati, kodvwa umoya wenemandla we-tropical storm ufika emahora ngaphambili futsi ufinyelela khashane nelikati. Nakufinyelela umoya ku-63 km/h (39 mph), kuba ngaphandle nome endleleni kuba yingoti. Umoya ujwayele kuba nemandla kakhulu etulu kwetakhiwo letiphakeme. Nangabe uhlala kulifulatsi leliphakeme, fundza likhasi letfu nga takhiwo letiphakeme.

Lapho kufanele ube khona ngesikhatsi semoya onemandla kakhulu¶

Khetsa gumbi lelingekhatsi lelingenamafasitela, kulikati leliphantsi kakhulu lelingekukhukhumi. Lithrum, likhatjana, nome indlela yangekhatsi kwesakhiwo yisebenta kahle. Faka tibondza letinyenti njengobe ungakhona emkhatsini wakho nangephandle. Nangabe uhlala lifulatsi, hlola luhlelo lwakho lwesakhiwo, ngobe tatakhiwo letinye tibita indzawo yekuphephela leyikhetsiwe.

Kuvikela lokungcono kumoya sakhiwo lesimile, gumbi lelingekhatsi, nekuhlala khashane nemafasitela. Ngenisa nome bophe ngekucinile konkhe lokungakabambisisiwe ngaphambi kwesivunguvungu. Nangabe uhlala endlini yekuhamba, i-caravan, nome endlini yesigodo nome tfu, hlela kuhamba kuyo yonkhe i-hurricane. Buka tindlu tekuhamba ne kulungisela likhaya lakho.

Ema-tornado emikhanyweni yangephandle¶

Ema-hurricane kanyenti akhiqiza ema-tornado, kakhulukati emikhanyweni yemvula yesigaba sangesokudla ngaphambili, kucatsaniswa nendlela yekuhamba kwesivunguvungu, enhlangothini yase-northern hemisphere. Enhlangothini yase-southern hemisphere, njengaseduzane ne-Australia, iMozambique, iMadagascar, ne-South Pacific, kusigaba sangesancele ngaphambili. Ema-tornado e-hurricane ajwayele kuhlala sikhatsi lesincane kunaletinye tornado, kodvwa asakheka ngalokuphangisako futsi anika sixwayiso lesincane. Angafika kusengakafiki likati futsi khashane nekhatsi.

Gcina tixwayiso telifoni lakho tisebenta sonkhe sivunguvungu. Nakufika sixwayiso se-tornado, hambela kugumbi lelingekhatsi kulikati leliphantsi lelingekukhukhumi, uhlale lapho kuze sixwayiso siphele. Fundza kabanzi nga ema-tornado ngesikhatsi se-hurricane.

Kugeleza lokunemandla nemagagasi lamakhulu¶

Sivunguvungu lesikhashane emakhilomitha lamakhulu (emamayela lamakhulu) singabulala bantu elwandle. Emagagasi lamakhulu ahamba khashane ngaphambi kwesivunguvungu akhe kugeleza lokunemandla lokudvonsa batjubi khashane nelitfulu. Lolufo kanyenti lwenteka emalangeni lelanga likhanya, khashane nesivunguvungu lesiqhaho.

Hlala khashane nelwandle nalikhona sitjalo setivunguvungu nome kuphi kulendzawo, ngisho kuba simo-mango sisibonakala kahle. Nangabe kugeleza lokunemandla kukudvonsa, awukalwisani nako. Tjuba kuhambisana nelitfulu kuze ukhululeke, bese utjube ubuyele ngengoco, nome untante uphakamise sandla kucela lusito.

Awukahambi etikwemabondza elwandle, emabhulo, nome etikwemadvwala kuze ubuke emagagasi. Emagagasi lamakhulu angasusa bantu ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Emvakwesivunguvungu: tingoti letibulala ngekuthula¶

Bantu labanyenti bafa emvakwe-hurricane, kungesi ngesikhatsi saso. Timbangela tijwayelekile, lokubangela tingoti. Bantu bakhulula kutivikela nakuphela umoya, futsi bakhatsele, bashisa, futsi basheshise.

• I-carbon monoxide kuma-generator, ma-grill, ma-stove welidvwala, nome timoto letisebenta ngekhatsi nome seduze kakhulu nemafasitela. Ayiphunga, futsi ibulala bantu balele.
• Kushaywa gezi emagodzini egezi lawele nasemantini lathintene newaya lenegezi. Phatsa magoda onkhe njengaleto lahamba gezi, hlala khashane kakhulu, futsi ubike kucandza-gezi lakho nakumnyango wetingoti wendzawo.
• Emanti akukhukhuma lafihla matalu, timphahla letincayo, nelibhuku, futsi angaletsa kugula. Gcina tingane ngaphandle kwawo, futsi ugeze tandla ngaphambi kwekudla.
• Kugula kukushisa, ngobe gezi licishile, ema-fan ne-air conditioning acishile, futsi bantu basebenta kanzima ngaphandle. Buka kuphepha kwekushisa emvakwesivunguvungu.
• Tingoti tekuhlanta, kufaka kulimala kwema-chain saw, kuwa kusuka tilulu nemaphahla, nekushaywa yinhlitiyo kusebenta kanzima. Buka tihlahla letiwele nemakhwalithi yelufulo.
• Emanti angephephe nekudla lekonakele. Buka kuphepha kwekudla nemanti.

Yinye yakutonkhe lokulungiselelwe. Sigaba setfu nga emvakwesivunguvungu sikhuluma ngakunye ngalokugcwele, kufaka kuphepha kwe-generator, kubuyela likhaya ngekuphepha, ne tingoti temphilo emvakwesivunguvungu.

Emaphutsa lajwayelekile¶

• Kushayela uye kubuka kukhukhuma, nome kubuka indlu. Tindlela kanyenti tivalwa ngelizatfu, futsi kusindisa umuntu lohambile kususa emacembu kubantu labatiboshiwe.
• Kushiya kubaleka kuze umoya ucale. Nakumoya usunemandla, kuhamba ngenyawo nome ngemoto kuba nzima kakhulu.
• Kusebentisa i-grill, camp stove, nome generator ngekhatsi sikhatsi lesincane, nome nemnyango uvulekile.
• Kucabanga kutsi lilanga lelwandle lelikhanyako liphephile ngobe sivunguvungu sikhashane.
• Kuhamba endleleni lekhukhumele emanti nakehlile. Kulimala ngaphansi kungafihlakala, futsi indlela ingawa.

Imihlahlandlela lehlobene¶

• Tigaba tetivunguvungu tichazwe
• Kulindzelwa kwetivunguvungu kanye nekuxwayiswa
• Tatisa sifunda sakho sekubalekiswa
• Baleka nome uhlale
• Emvakwesivunguvungu