Tingoti temphilo emvakwesivunguvungu, kusuka kukukhukhuma kuya ku-dengue¶

Emvakwesivunguvungu, i-typhoon, nome i-cyclone, bantu labanyenti bagula nome balimale emalangeni nemaviki lelandzelayo, akusiko ngesikhatsi sesivunguvungu ngalokwaso. Lelikhasi likusita kugwema tingoti temphilo letijwayelekile, ubone tiphawu tesixwayiso ngasentele, futsi wati nalini lekufanele utfole lusito.

Nangabe wenta tintfo tintatu kuphela¶

1. Hlala khashane nemanti akukhukhuma nangabe ungakhona. Nangabe awukwati, gcoka bhutsi neligalavu, bese ugeza ngesepha nemanti lahlanzekile emvakwaloko.
2. Hlanta nome ngisigujo ngasheshe, usimboza, usihlole nangabe sicala sibovu, sivuvuka, nome sibuhlungu.
3. Fumana lusito lwemphilo ngasheshe kufiva, kuhlanya lokunegati nome lokungamanti lokungaweli, nome sigujo lesicala sibukeka sikubi emalangeni nome emavikini emvakwekukhukhuma.

Yini lekukhona emantini akukhukhuma¶

Emanti akukhukhuma akusiwo emanti emvula kuphela. Advonsa lilinga kutisiphuma telithoyilethi netatandza letiphuphumele, imitsi yetilwane, tilwane letifile, logwalo, i-pesticide, nemakhemikali kusuka emakhaya, kusibaya, nemafektri. Akhe afihla imfucumfucu lebukhali, tidrein letivulekile, nemigodi.

Tikungani emantini akukhukhuma tingabanga kuhlanya, kutshuza kwesikhumba, kutena kwemanceba, netifo njengeleptospirosis. Kuletindzawo letiseduze nelwandle, emanti akukhukhuma lahlangene nemanti elwandle anetibhaktheriya tingabanga kutena kwemanceba lokunzima.

• Gcina bantfwana netilwane khashane nemanti akukhukhuma. Bantfwana akufanele badlale kuwo.
• Nangabe kufanele uhambe ngekhatsi kwawo, gcoka bhutsi yerabha, ligalavu lerabha, nekuvikela emehlo nangabe emanti angachatsa.
• Mboza emanceba nemagujo ngemabhandage lavimbela emanti ngaphambi kwekungena, nome uhlale ngaphandle.
• Geza tandla takho ngesepha nemanti lahlanzekile emvakwekuthintana nome ngikuyinye, nangaphambi kwekudla nome kuthinta buso bakho. Sebentisa sanitizer yesandla nangabe akuko emanti lahlanzekile.
• Geza timphahla letintenwe nemanti akukhukhuma emantini lashisako ngedetijente ngaphambi kwekutigcoka kabusha.

Emanceba nekutena kwesikhumba¶

Kucotjwa nekugujwa kujwayelekile ngesikhatsi sekuhlanta, futsi kutena ngekulula emvakwesivunguvungu. Phatsa sigujo sonkhe, ngisho singekona lesincane.

Kutsi uhlamba njani sigujo¶

1. Geza tandla takho kucala.
2. Tfela sigujo kahle ngemanti webhodlela, lebilisiwe, nome emanti lahlanzekile lahambako. I-saline yincono nangabe unayo.
3. Hlamba sikhumba lesisitungelele sigujo ngesepha nemanti.
4. Simboza nge-bhandage lelihlanzekile, lelomile. Sebentisa bhandage levimbela emanti nangabe utoba seduze nemanti nome imdaka.
5. Sihlole kungenani kanye ngelilanga, ushintje bhandage nangabe limanzi nome lingcolile.

Tiphawu tekutena¶

Fumana lusito ngasheshe nangabe sigujo sikhombisa nome ngikuyinye kuloku:

• Kubovu nome kuvuvuka lokunyenta
• Buhlungu lobukubi kunokungcono
• Kushisa, matje, nome liphunga lelibi
• Fiva nome kugcagca
• Timigca lebovu leyandzile kusuka kusigujo

Bantu labane-diabetes kufanele bahlole tinyawo tabo lilanga nelilanga emvakwekuhamba emantini nome kuludaka. Timfinyane netingujwa letincane etinyaweni tingaphendvuka titimbi ngasheshe.

I-tetanus¶

I-tetanus ivela kutikungani esihlabatsini, lutfuli, nemitsi yetilwane leyingena ngesigujo. Emanti akukhukhuma akabangi i-tetanus ngalokwawo, kodvwa emanceba nematfinyane labantu batfolakala nawo ngesikhatsi sekuhlanta angayibanga.

• Nangabe utfola sigujo sematfinyane, sigujo lesijulile, nome sigujo lesinenhlabathi, i-rust, nome mitsi yetilwane, buka sisebenti semphilo. Nangabe umjovo wakho wekugcina we-tetanus bewungaphezu kwaminyaka lesihlanu, nome awukati, ungenzeka udzinga umjovo wesibonco.
• Bantu labadzala badzinga umjovo wesibonco we-tetanus iminyaka leyishumi ngayinye kunome kunjani. Nangabe usacala kuhlanta futsi awukacinisekile ngesikhatsi wagcina kufumana munye, buta klinikhi ngaphambi kwekucala.
• Sigujo asidzingi kubukeka sikubi kutsi sitfwale i-tetanus. Kugcoba sisekelo yindlela lejwayelekile yekuyitfola.

Kuhlanya, kugula kwesisu, ne-cholera¶

Nakucishwa emanti akunatswa nema-toilet angasebenti, tikungani tesisu letivela kulilinga tingena ekudleni, emantini, netandleni. Kuhlanya ngikunye kwetifo letijwayelekile kakhulu emvakwekukhukhuma, futsi kuyingoti kakhulu kutinsane, bantfwana labancane, nebantu labadzala, ngobe boma ngasheshe.

Kuvikela¶

• Natsa emanti webhodlela, lebilisiwe, nome lahlambululiwe kuphela, usebentise lofanako kugeza matinyo, kugeza kudla, nekwenta formula yesinsane. Buka kuphepha kwekudla nemanti.
• Lahla nome ngikudla lokutintene nemanti akukhukhuma, ngaphandle kwetsi kusemtikanini wensimbi lovaliwe longakalimali.
• Geza tandla ngesepha emvakwekusebentisa lithoyilethi, ngaphambi kwekuphekela, ngaphambi kwekudla, nemvakwekushintja sinepukini.
• Nangabe emathoilethi angasebenti, sebentisa bhakede lenesivalekisi nesilayina seplastic, nome lithoyilethi legodi, khashane kakhulu nemitfombo yemanti. Landzela seluleko lwemphilo yendzawo kulahla.

Kuyiphatsa¶

Ingoti lenkhulu kukuhlanya kulahlekelwa emanti netsawoti letinyenti kakhulu. Cala i-oral rehydration solution (ORS) ngasentele kucala kuhlanya. Tifamasi, matoliklini, nemacembu welusito kanyenti ahlulula emasashe we-ORS emvakwetivunguvungu.

Nangabe awunawo emasashe, lenhlanganiso lelula yasekhaya ingasetjentiswa kuze ube ungakwati kufumana i-ORS leyingiko: litha linye lemanti laphephile, tiphunu letindzaba tasugar letisitfupha, nesiga sasotwa lesincenye. Chubeka umunyisa tinsane tinekuhlanya, uchubeke unika kudla nangabe umuntfu angakwati kudla.

Cholera¶

I-cholera yisifo sesisu lesinzima lesisakata ngemanti nekudla kungcolisiwe ngelilinga. Ayivele kuphela ngobe bekukhona kukhukhuma. Isakata lapho tikungani tisebale kukhona, futsi tifo tingenta emvakwekukhukhuma nakuphuka emanti nekuhlanzeka.

I-cholera ibanga kuhlanya kwesheshe, lokunzima, lokungamanti, kanyenti kuchazwe njengekubukeka njengemanti welidvodvo, kanyenti kuhlanya nako. Ingabulala emahoreni ngaphandle kwekuphatswa, kodvwa bantu labanyenti balapha ngekuphelele nge-ORS leyicalwa kusentele. Tigcina letinzima tidzinga sikhungo semphilo semanti lengena ngemtambo. Nangabe mnyango wakho wemphilo umemetele i-cholera sifundeni sakho, landzela seluleko sawo ngemanti, kudla, nemjovo.

Leptospirosis¶

I-leptospirosis sifo sebhaktheriya lesisakata ngemkhamo wemagundvwane neyinye tilwane. Ingena emtimbeni ngemanceba, ngematfinyane, nangemehlo, likhala, nemlomo, kanyenti ngesikhatsi bantu bahamba ngekhatsi kwemanti akukhukhuma nome ludaka. Kujwayelekile emvakwekukhukhuma etindzaweni letinyenti letishisako.

Ngulokutsiwe i-CDC, tiphawu tingacala emalangeni lamabili kuya kumaviki lamane emvakwekuthintana. Caphela:

• Fiva lenkhulu lesheshe nepfundla
• Buhlungu betinhlanga, kakhulukati etikaleni nasekhasini lemhlane
• Emehlo labovu
• Kuhlanta, kuhlanya, nome buhlungu besisu
• Sikhumba lesimtubi nome emehlo, nome umcamo lomnyama, kutigcina letinzima

Ematibhayotik asebenta kangconco akacalwe ngasentele. Nangabe ufumana fiva enyangeni emvakwekuhamba emantini akukhukhuma nome kuhlanta, buka sisebenti semphilo ubatjele nga emanti akukhukhuma. Minyango yemphilo letinye inika ematibhayotik yekuvikela kubantu labahlangabetane kakhulu, ngako buta nangabe kusebenta lapho uhlala.

Vikela ngekugcoka bhutsi neligalavu emantini nasludakeni, kumboza emanceba, nekugcina kudla nemanti kuvaliwe khashane nemagundvwane.

Tilwane sesekhaya netifuyo tihlangabetana netingoti letifanako temanti akukhukhuma, kufaka leptospirosis, ngako tigcine khashane nemanti akukhukhuma unike emanti lahlanzekile. Buka likhasi lesikhwama sesiphuthfumo sesilwane sasekhaya netifuyo netilwane tetinkhulu.

Melioidosis¶

Enyakatfo ye-Australia naseingxenye ye-Southeast ne-South Asia, kufaka iThailand, kunelenye libhaktheriya lenhlabathi nemanti libitwa melioidosis likhuphuka emvakwemvula lenyenti, kukhukhuma, netivunguvungu. Nalo lingena ngesikhumba lesiphukile. Bantu labane-diabetes, sifo setingu, nome kunatsa alcohol kakhulu basengotini lenkhulu. Nangabe uhlala kuletindzawo, gcoka bhutsi neligalavu kuludaka nemantini akukhukhuma, bese utjela sisebenti sakho semphilo ngekuthintana nangabe ufumana fiva, kukhohlela, nome sigujo lesingaphola.

Emiyane, dengue, ne-malaria¶

Kukhukhuma kushiya emanti amile yonkhe indzawo, futsi emiyane etinye ikhula kuwo. Emiyane lekala ngasentele emvakwekukhukhuma kanyenti kuyintfo yekuphazamisa kuphela. Ingoti yesifo lesisakatwa yimiyane ikhuphuka njengobe emanti amile asele, ngako chubeka ubheka emanti emetikanini emaviki lamanyenti emvakwesivunguvungu.

Dengue isakata nge-Aedes mosquito, letiluma kakhulu emini. Ijwayelekile ku-Caribbean, Latin America, South ne-Southeast Asia, nasetiporo te-Pacific. Tiphawu tifaka fiva lenkhulu, pfundla lelinzima, buhlungu ngemuva kwemehlo, buhlungu betinhlanga netikhono, kucanta, nekutshuza.

Nangabe ucabanga ungaba nedengue, phumula, unatse emanti lamanyenti, uthatse paracetamol (acetaminophen) kubuhlungu nefiva. Awukatsatsi i-ibuprofen nome i-aspirin, letingakhuphula ingoti yekugcagca.

Malaria ikhona etincenyeni te-Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, ne-Pacific, kufaka tindzawo letinye letishaywe yi-cyclone. Kuletindzawo, nome ngikufiva ngemvakwekukhukhuma kudzinga luhlolo lwe-malaria lelilanga lifanako.

Yekisa kulunywa¶

• Chitsa, mboza, nome phendvula nome ngikuyinye lokuncengela emanti: emabhakede, matayala, imbiza, ticupho tetitjalo, tidrein, nemetikani letikonakele. Yenta loku kungenani kanye nelisonto.
• Mboza matini wekugcina emanti nemetanka ngekucinile, uwahlambulule kulisonto.
• Gcoka tingubo tenemikhono lemidze nebhulukwe lamadze, imini nebusuku.
• Sebentisa sivikeli temihlwa lesinDEET, picaridin, nome IR3535, ulandzela libheli.
• Lala ngaphansi kweneti yemiyane, ulungise amascreen wemafasitela.

Tinyoka, magundvwane, netilwane tinye¶

Kukhukhuma kudvonsa tinyoka, magundvwane, tinambuzane, netilwane tinye kutindzawo tabo tejwayelekile kungena emakhaya, emfucumfucu, nemantini. Enyakatfo ye-Australia naseingxenyeni ye-Asia, emanti akukhukhuma angaphatsa nema-crocodile.

• Buka kahle ngaphambi kwekufaka sandla kumfucumfucu, ngaphansi kwefenitjala, nome kumakona lamnyama. Sebentisa induku nome tulukhuni kuhambisa tintfo.
• Nangabe ubona linyoka, hlehlela emuva kancane bese uyishiya iyedvwa. Shayela umcwaningi welitilwane lendzawo nome seva yetilwane tasendle nangabe isekhatsi.
• Gcina kudla kuvaliwe nemfucumfucu imboziwe kuze magundvwane angadvonsi.
• Awukashanileli nome kusebentisa vacuum etikwemasimba yemagundvwane. I-CDC incoma izinga lesinkhomishi lesiyincenye lesiya kwelikhulu nehhafu (1.5 cups) elibhulishi lendlu kugaloni yinye lemanti. Tsandzisa emasimba kungenani emizuzwana lesihlanu, bese uwasula nge-paper towel ugcoke ligalavu.
• Gwema tilwane leticeleni netasendle, ubike tilwane letifile kuhulumende wakho wendzawo.

Nangabe umuntfu alunywe linyoka¶

1. Shayela inombolo yakho yesiphuthfumo yendzawo (911 e-United States ne-Canada). E-United States, Poison Control ku-1-800-222-1222 ingasita nayo.
2. Gcina umuntfu amile, atulile, susa emasongo netingubo letitite seduze nelulumo.
3. Bhala umbala nesimo selinyoka nangabe ungakwenta ngekuphepha. Awukazami kuyibamba nome kuyibulala.
4. Landzela seluleko lwakho lwelive lwekusita kwekucala ngesikhatsi ulindzile. E-Australia, sibonelo, basiti bekucala basebentisa bhandage yelusindvo lelivimba lekuhamba.

Awukasiki sigujo, kuzama kumuncela phandle shwele, kufaka tourniquet leciniswe, nome kubeka iqhwa etikwaso. Kulunywa emantini langaqondzi kungava njengematfinyane, ngako hlola kulunywa konkhe lokungenzeka.

Nangabe silwane sikuluma nome sikugujula, hlamba sigujo ngesepha nemanti lahambako kungenani emizuzwana lelishumi nesihlanu, bese ubuka sisebenti semphilo lilanga lifanako, ngisho kulunywa kubukeka kuncane. Etindzaweni rabies ikhona, ungenzeka udzinga umjovo.

Carbon monoxide¶

Ema-generator, timashisi te-charcoal, nema-grill yegesi lasetjentiswa ngekhatsi nome seduze nemafasitela avulekile advudvumeta bantu labanyenti emvakwetivunguvungu. Carbon monoxide ayinaphunga nome imbala. Pfundla, kudzandzateka, kubutaka, kucanta, nekungacondzi kubantu labanyenti ngesikhatsi sinye kutiphawu tesixwayiso.

Khipha wonkhe umuntfu aye emoyeni lomusha bese ucela lusito. Fundza kuphepha kwe-generator ne-carbon monoxide ngaphambi kwekusebentisa nome ngutundlwana lotisebentisa logwalo.

Tingoti letinye tekukhumbula¶

• Kushisa. Kuhlanta kushisa ngaphandle kwegezi nome ema-fan kubanga kukhatsala kwekushisa nekugula kwekushisa. Buka kuphepha kwekushisa.
• Mfumfu. Mfumfu endlini lekhukhumele ingacalisa asthma nema-allergy. Buka kuhlanta nemfumfu.
• Emakhemikali. Kukhukhuma kuhambisa metikani yelogwalo, i-pesticide, netimkhiqizo tekuhlanta. Awukavuli metikani longakayati, futsi awukahlanganisi libhulishi ne-ammonia nome ama-acid.
• Mitsi netimo tesikhatsi lesidze. Kugedla emadosi yemitsi ye-diabetes, umfutfo wegati, sifo senhlitiyo, HIV, i-tuberculosis, nome imphilo yengcondvo yinkinga lejwayelekile neyingoti emvakwetivunguvungu. Buta femasi, klinikhi, nome sikhundla selusito kutjalwa ngasentele njengobe ungakhona.
• Kucindzeteleka. Kulala kakubi, kukhatsaleka, nekulila kubangela nemtimba wakho kuhlupheka. Buka kubhekana nemehlo emvakwesivunguvungu.

Nalini lekufanele ufune lusito¶

Matoliklini nesibhedlela kungenzeka agcwele nome onakele emvakwesivunguvungu. Umnyango wakho wesizwe wemphilo, i-Red Cross nome Red Crescent, namacembu welusito kanyenti akha matoliklini lahambako nesikhundla sekusita kwekucala. Likhasi lakho lwendzawo linabo tinombolo temphilo neteziphuthfumo lapho uhlala.

Shayela inombolo yakho yesiphuthfumo yendzawo manje kunkinga yekuphefumula, buhlungu besifuba, kulunywa linyoka, kukopha lokunkhulu, kungacondzi, kuquleka, kufikelwa sigulane, nome tiphawu tekudvudvumeteka yi-carbon monoxide.

Buka sisebenti semphilo lilanga lifanako kuloku:

• Nome ngifiva emvakwemaviki emvakwekukhukhuma, kakhulukati nebuhlungu betinhlanga, emehlo labovu, nome pfundla
• Sigujo lesibovu, lesivuvuka, lesishisa, lesigcwala, nome lesibuhlungu kakhulu, nome nome ngisigujo sitintene nemanti elwandle nome akukhukhuma kumuntfu one-diabetes nome sifo seliver
• Sigujo sematfinyane nome lesingcolile nangabe umjovo wakho wekugcina we-tetanus bewungaphezu kweminyaka lesihlanu nome awukacinisekile
• Kuhlanya kuinsane, mntfwana omncane, muntfu omdzala, nome umuntfu wetisu, nome kuhlanya lokunzima nome kunegati
• Tiphawu tesixwayiso te-dengue, ngisho fiva isicedzile
• Nome ngikulunywa yisilwane kunome kunjani

Nakubuka sisebenti semphilo, mutjele kutsi bewusemantini akukhukhuma nome wenta kuhlanta kwesivunguvungu. Kushintja yini labayifunako.

Imihlahlandlela lehlobene¶

• Kuphepha kwekudla nemanti emvakwesivunguvungu
• Kuhlanta emvakwesivunguvungu nemfumfu
• Tihlahla letiwele, ema-chainsaw, netalbhu telufulo
• Sikhwama sekusita kwekucala sesivunguvungu nemitsi
• Kuphepha kwe-generator ne-carbon monoxide