Izingozi zezempilo ngemva kwesiphepho, kusukela emanzini esikhukhula kuya kudengue¶

Ngemva kwesiphepho, ithayifuni, noma isayikloni, abantu abaningi bagula noma balimale ezinsukwini namasonto alandela, hhayi ngesikhathi sesiphepho uqobo. Leli khasi likusiza ugweme izingozi zezempilo ezivamile, ubone izimpawu zokuxwayisa ngesheshe, nokwazi uma kudinga ukunakekelwa.

Ukwenze izinto ezintathu kuphela¶

1. Hlala kude namanzi esikhukhula uma ukwazi. Uma ungekwazi, gqoka izicathulo namagilavu, bese ugeza ngensipho namanzi ahlanzekile ngemva kwalokho.
2. Hlanza silonda sonke ngqo, usimboze, futhi uthole uhlolwe uma sibomvu, sivuvukele, noma sibuhlungu.
3. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngesheshe ngomkhuhlane, uhudo lwegazi noma oluketshezi olungayeki, noma isilonda esiba sibi ezinsukwini noma emasontweni ngemva kwesikhukhula.

Okukhona emanzini esikhukhula¶

Amanzi esikhukhula awasiwo amanzi emvula nje. Abhebhezela indle evela kuma-toilet nama-septic system agcwalisiwe, indle yezilwane, izilwane ezifile, uphethiloli, iziqeda-izinambuzane, namakhemikhali avela emakhaya, ezinsimini, nasemafektri. Afihla futhi izibi ezibukhali, amadreyini avuliwe, nemigodi.

Amagciwane emanzini esikhukhula angabangela uhudo, amabala esikhumba, ukutheleleka kwezilonda, nezifo njengeleptospirosis. Ezindaweni ezinye zogu, amanzi esikhukhula axubene namanzi olwandle aphatha amagciwane angabangela ukutheleleka okukhulu kwezilonda.

• Gcina izingane nezilwane kude namanzi esikhukhula. Izingane akufanele zidlale kuwo.
• Uma kudingeka uhambe kuwo, gqoka izicathulo zerabha, amagilavu erabha, nesivikelo samehlo uma amanzi angachaphaza.
• Mboza izilonda ngamabhendishi angenisi amanzi ngaphambi kokungena, noma uhlale ngaphandle.
• Geza izandla ngensipho namanzi ahlanzekile ngemva koluthintayo, nangaphambi kokudla noma ukuthinta ubuso bakho. Sebenzisa isibulala-magciwane sezandla uma amanzi ahlanzekile engekho.
• Washa izingubo ezithintwe amanzi esikhukhula emanzini ashisayo nedetejenti ngaphambi kokuzigqoka futhi.

Izilonda nokutheleleka kwesikhumba¶

Ukusikwa nokukuhlikihleka kuvamile ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, futhi zithelela kalula ngemva kwesiphepho. Phatha silonda sonke, noma sincane kangakanani.

Indlela yokuhlanza isilonda¶

1. Geza izandla kuqala.
2. Hlambuluza isilonda kahle emanzini ebhodleleni, abiliswa, noma ahamba ahlanzekile. Isaline singcono uma unaso.
3. Hlanza isikhumba esizungeze isilonda ngensipho namanzi.
4. Simboze ngebhendishi elihlanzekile, elomile. Sebenzisa ibhendishi elingenisi amanzi uma uzoba eduze namanzi noma udaka.
5. Hlola okungenani kanye ngosuku, ushintshe ibhendishi uma limanzi noma lingcolile.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka¶

Thola usizo ngesheshe uma isilonda sikhombisa noma yikuphi kulokhu:

• Ubomvu noma ukuvuvukala okusakazekayo
• Ubuhlungu obuba kubi esikhundleni sokubanconywa
• Ukushisa, amavuvu, noma iphunga elibi
• Umkhuhlane noma ukuqhaqhazela
• Imigqa ebomvu esakazeka isuka esilondeni

Abantu abane-diabetes afanele bahlole izinyawo zabo usuku ngalunye ngemva kokuhamba emanzini noma kudaka. Amabhlazi namazenge amancane ezinyawo angashintsha abe nzulu ngesheshe.

I-tetanus¶

I-tetanus ivela kumagciwane emhlabathini, enthuthu, nendle yezilwane angena ngqo esilondeni. Amanzi esikhukhula uqobo awabangeli i-tetanus, kodwa ukusikwa nokugwazwa abantu abakuthola ngesikhathi sokuhlanza kungakwenza.

• Uma uthole isilonda sokugwazwa, isilonda esijule, noma isilonda okunothi, umthofu, noma indle yezilwane kuso, bona isisebenzi sezempilo. Uma umjovo wokugcina we-tetanus wawungaphezu kweminyaka 5 edlule, noma ungaqiniseki, ungadinga umjovo oqinisa.
• Abantu abadala badinga umjovo oqinisa we-tetanus iminyaka 10 ngeminyaka noma kunjani. Uma uzoqala ukuhlanza futhi ungaqiniseki ngosuku wathola owokugcina, buza ikliniki ngaphambi kokuqala.
• Isilonda asidingi ukubukeka sibi ukuphatha i-tetanus. Ukunyathela isipikili indlela ejwayelekile yokuyithola.

Uhudo, ukugula kwesisu, ne-cholera¶

Uma amanzi okuphuza nama-toilet ayeka ukusebenza, amagciwane avela endle angena ekudleni, emanzini, nasezandleni. Uhudo kungenye yezifo ezivamile kakhulu ngemva kwezikhukhula, futhi liyingozi enkulu kakhulu kuzingane ezincane, izingane, nabadala, ngoba bomelela ngesheshe.

Vimbela¶

• Phuza amanzi ebhodleleni, abiliswa, noma abulawe amagciwane kuphela, usebenzise okufanayo ukugeza amazinyo, ukuhlanza ukudla, nokwenza ifomula yomntwana. Bona ukuphepha kokudla namanzi.
• Lahla noma yikuphi ukudla okuthintiwe amanzi esikhukhula, ngaphandle uma kusekani ensimbi evaliwe futhi engonakele.
• Geza izandla ngensipho ngemva kokusebenzisa i-toilet, ngaphambi kokupheka, ngaphambi kokudla, nangemva kokushintsha izinapukeni.
• Uma ama-toilet angasebenzi, sebenzisa ibhakede elinesivalo nokumbozwa kweplastiki, noma latrine, kude kakhulu namanzi. Landela iseluleko sezempilo sendawo ngokulahla.

Yelapha¶

Ingozi enkulu kakhulu yohudo iyikulahlekelwa amanzi nosawoti amaningi kakhulu. Qala isixazululo sokuphilisana ngomlomo (ORS) ngesheshe uhudo luqala. Amakhemisi, amakliniki, namaqembu wosizo kaningi babala amasaka e-ORS ngemva kweziphepho.

Uma unganakho amasaka, lesi sixube elulula sasekhaya singasetshenziswa kuze uthole i-ORS yangempela: ilitha 1 lamanzi aphephile, amathiyaspuni 6 angcwele ushukela, nehhafu ethiyaspuni yosawoti. Qhubeka uncelisa izingane ezinohudo, uqhubeke unikeza ukudla uma umuntu angakwazi ukudla.

I-cholera¶

I-cholera siyisifo sohudo esikhulu esisakazeka ngamanzi nokudla okungcolile indle. Asivele nje ngoba kuba khona isikhukhula. Sisakazeka lapho igciwane selikhona kakade, futhi izigameko zingalandela izikhukhula uma amanzi nokuhlanzeka kuhluleka.

I-cholera idala uhudo oluketshezi olukhulu, olungazumi, oluchazwa kaningi njengamanzi welayisi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza. Ingabulala emahoreni ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kodwa abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele nge-ORS eqalwe ngesheshe. Izigameko ezinkulu zidinga isikhungo sezempilo ngoketshezi lwemithambo. Uma isikhungo sakho sezempilo simemezela i-cholera endaweni yakho, landela iseluleko salo ngamanzi, ukudla, nomgomo.

I-leptospirosis¶

I-leptospirosis siyisifo segciwane esisakazeka ngomchamo wamagundwane nezilwane ezinye. Lingena emzimbeni ngokusikwa, ukuklukluzeka, namehlo, impumulo, nomlomo, kaningi ngesikhathi abantu bahamba emanzini esikhukhula noma kudaka. Sivamile ngemva kwezikhukhula ezindaweni eziningi zetropiki.

Ngokusho kwe-CDC, izimpawu zingaqala noma kunini kusuka kwizinsuku 2 kuya kuma-sonto 4 ngemva kokuthintana. Qapha:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngokuzumayo nekhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomsipha, ikakhulukazi esiphundwini nomhlane ongaphansi
• Amehlo abomvu
• Ukuhlanza, uhudo, noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Isikhumba noma amehlo aphuzi, noma umchamo omnyama, ezigamekweni ezinkulu

Ama-antibiotics asebenza kangcono uma aqalwa ngesheshe. Uma uba nomkhuhlane enyangeni ngemva kokuhamba emanzini esikhukhula noma ukuhlanza, bona isisebenzi sezempilo utshele ngamanzi esikhukhula. Imineyango yezempilo ethize inikeza ama-antibiotics avimbela abantu abathintana kakhulu, ngakho buza uma lokhu kusebenza endaweni ohlala kuyo.

Vimbela ngokugqoka izicathulo namagilavu emanzini nodaka, ngokumboza izilonda, nangokugcina ukudla namanzi kuvaliwe kude namagundwane.

Izilwane zasekhaya nezifuyo zibhekana nezingozi ezifanayo zamanzi esikhukhula, kuhlanganise i-leptospirosis, ngakho zigcine kude namanzi esikhukhula uziphe amanzi ahlanzekile. Bona ikhithi lesimo esiphuthumayo lesilwane sasekhaya nekhasi lezifuyo nezilwane ezinkulu.

I-melioidosis¶

Enyakatho ye-Australia nezingxenye ze-Southeast ne-South Asia, kuhlanganise ne-Thailand, igciwane elinye lomhlabathi namanzi elibizwa i-melioidosis liyanda ngemva kwemvula enamandla, izikhukhula, namasayikloni. Lena futhi lingena ngesikhumba esigqekezekile. Abantu abane-diabetes, isifo sezinso, noma ukuphuza utshwala okukhulu basengozini enkudlwana. Uma uhlala kulezi zindawo, gqoka izicathulo namagilavu kudaka namanzi esikhukhula, utshele isisebenzi sezempilo ngokuthintana uma uba nomkhuhlane, ukhwehlela, noma isilonda esingeke silulame.

Izimiyane, i-dengue, ne-malaria¶

Izikhukhula zishiya amanzi amile yonke indawo, futhi izimiyane ezithize zizalela kuwo. Izimiyane ezinyakazayo ngqo ngemva kwesikhukhula kaningi ziyinkathazo nje. Ingozi yesifo esibhebhezelwa izimiyane iyanda isikhathi amanzi amile ahlala, ngakho qhubeka uqapha amanzi emacontainer amasonto ambalwa ngemva kwesiphepho.

I-dengue isakazwa izimiyane ze-Aedes, elukuma kakhulu emini. Ivamile e-Caribbean, Latin America, South ne-Southeast Asia, nezihlengi ze-Pacific. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane ophezulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ubuhlungu ngemuva kwamehlo, ubuhlungu bomsipha namajoyinti, isicanucanu, namabala.

Uma kungenzeka unedengue, phumula, uphuze okuketshezi okuningi, uthathe i-paracetamol (acetaminophen) ngobuhlungu nomkhuhlane. Ungathathi i-ibuprofen noma i-aspirin, okungenyusa ingozi yegazi.

I-malaria ikhona ezingxenyeni ze-Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, ne-Pacific, kuhlanganise ezingxenyeni ezithintwe amasayikloni. Ezindaweni lezi, noma yimuphi umkhuhlane ngemva kwesikhukhula udinga ukuhlolwa kwe-malaria ngosuku olufanayo.

Misa ukulunywa¶

• Chitha, mboza, noma phendula noma yini ebamba amanzi: amabhakede, amathayi, amapoto, izitsha zezitshalo, ama-gutter, nama-container aphukile. Yenze lokhu okungenani kanye ngesonto.
• Mboza amadramu nawamathangi wokugcina amanzi kahle, uwahlanze ngasonto.
• Gqoka izingubo ezinemikono emide nezingubo zokugqoka ezinde, emini nabusuku.
• Sebenzisa umuthi weziqeda-izinambuzane one-DEET, i-picaridin, noma i-IR3535, ulandele ilebula.
• Lala ngaphansi kwenethi yezimiyane, ulungise izikrini zamafasitele.

Izinyoka, amagundwane, nezilwane ezinye¶

Izikhukhula zisunduza izinyoka, amagundwane, izinambuzane, nezilwane ezinye kusuka endaweni ezijwayelekile ziye emakhaya, ezibini, naemanzini. Enyakatho ye-Australia nezingxenye ze-Asia, amanzi esikhukhula angaphatha futhi ama-crocodile.

• Bheka kahle ngaphambi kokufaka isandla kuzibi, ngaphansi kwefenisha, noma emagumbini amnyama. Sebenzisa induku noma ithuluzi ukusuka izinto.
• Uma ubona inyoka, hlehla kancane uyishiye yodwa. Shayela umlawuli wezilwane zendawo noma isevisi yezilwane zendle uma ikhona ngaphakathi.
• Gcina ukudla kuvaliwe nezibi zimbozwe ukuthi amagundwane angadonswa.
• Ungashaneli noma umunce ngomshini amandle amagundwane. I-CDC incoma inkomishi 1.5 yebhulicho yasendlini kugalani 1 lamanzi. Faka amandle isikhathi okungenani imizuzu 5, bese usula ngendwangu yephepha ugqoke amagilavu.
• Gwema izilwane ezihambahamba nezilwane zendle, ubike izilwane ezifile kuhulumeni wakho wendawo.

Uma umuntu elunywe inyoka¶

1. Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo yesimo esiphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada). Kwi-United States, i-Poison Control ku-1-800-222-1222 ingakwazi futhi ukusiza.
2. Gcina umuntu angahlongozi futhi ezolile, ususe izindandatho nezingubo eziqinile eduze kokulunywa.
3. Qopha umbala nesimo senyoka uma ukwazi ukukwenza ngokuphepha. Ungazami ukuyibamba noma uyibulale.
4. Landela iseluleko sosizo lokuqala lwezwe lakho ngenkathi ulinda. E-Australia, isibonelo, abasizi bokuqala bafaka ibhendishi lokucindezela nokumisa.

Ungasiki isilonda, uzame ukumunca ubuthi, ufake i-tourniquet eqinile, noma ubeke iqhwa phezu kwaso. Ukulunywa emanzini acwile angazwakala njengokuklukluzeka, ngakho thola noma yikuphi okungahle kube kulunywa khikwa.

Uma isilwane sikuluma noma sikuklukluza, geza isilonda ngensipho namanzi ahamba okungenani imizuzu 15, bese ubona isisebenzi sezempilo ngosuku olufanayo, ngisho uma ukulunywa kubonakala kuncane. Ezindaweni lapho i-rabies ikhona, ungadinga umgomo.

Ikhabhoni monoksayidi¶

Amajenereta, izitovu zamalahle, namagrili wegesi asetshenziswa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwamafasitele avuliwe kudonsa abantu abaningi ngemva kweziphepho. Ikhabhoni monoksayidi ayinaphunga noma umbala. Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukudiyaziya, ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, nokudideka ngabantu abaningi ngasikhathi sinye kuyizimpawu zokuxwayisa.

Khipha bonke emoyeni omusha bese ucela usizo. Funda ukuphepha kwejenereta nekhabhoni monoksayidi ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umshini oshisa uphethiloli.

Izingozi zezinye ozokuzikhumbula¶

• Ukushisa. Ukuhlanza ekushiseni ngaphandle kagesi noma amafeni kudala ukukhathala ngukushisa nokushaywa ngukushisa. Bona ukuphepha ekushiseni.
• Ukhuvethe. Ukhuvethe endlini ekhukhulane kungaphephisa i-asthma nama-allergy. Bona ukuhlanza nokhuvethe.
• Amakhemikhali. Izikhukhula zisunduza ama-container wophethiloli, umuthi weziqeda-izinambuzane, nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Ungavuli ama-container ongawaziyo, ungaxubi ibhulicho ne-amonia noma ama-acid.
• Imithi nezimo ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ukuphuthelwa yimithi ye-diabetes, umfutho wegazi, isifo senhliziyo, i-HIV, i-TB, noma impilo yengqondo kuyinkinga evamile futhi eyingozi ngemva kweziphepho. Buza ikhemisi, ikliniki, noma iposi losizo lokuyifaka kabusha ngesheshe nawukwazi.
• Ukucindezeleka. Ukulala kokubi, ukukhathazeka, nokudabuka kuthinta umzimba wakho futhi. Bona ukumelana ngemva kwesiphepho.

Lapho ufuna usizo¶

Amakliniki nezibhedlela zingagcwala noma zonakale ngemva kwesiphepho. Umnyango wakho wezempilo wesizwe, iRed Cross noma iRed Crescent, namaqembu wosizo kaningi basetha amakliniki ahambahamba namaposi wosizo lokuqala. Ikhasi lakho lasendaweni libala izinombolo zezempilo nezesimo esiphuthumayo endaweni ohlala kuyo.

Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo yesimo esiphuthumayo manje ngenkinga yokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukulunywa inyoka, ukopha okukhulu, ukudideka, ukufa isiyezi, isithuthumezo, noma izimpawu zokudonswa ikhabhoni monoksayidi.

Bona isisebenzi sezempilo ngosuku olufanayo ngokuthi:

• Noma yimuphi umkhuhlane emasontweni ngemva kwesikhukhula, ikakhulukazi nobuhlungu bomsipha, amehlo abomvu, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isilonda esibomvu, esivuvukele, esishisa, esivuza amanzi, noma esibuhlungu ngaphezu, noma noma yisiphi isilonda esithintwe amanzi olwandle noma esikhukhula kumuntu one-diabetes noma isifo sesibindi
• Isilonda sokugwazwa noma esingcolile uma umjovo wakho wokugcina we-tetanus wawungaphezu kweminyaka 5 edlule noma ungaqiniseki
• Uhudo encane, enganana, kubadala, noma okhulelwe, noma uhudo olukhulu noma olunegazi
• Izimpawu zokuxwayisa kudengue, ngisho umkhuhlane uhambe
• Noma yikuphi ukulunywa yisilwane

Uma ubona isisebenzi sezempilo, sitshele ukuthi wawuhamba emanzini esikhukhula noma wenza umsebenzi wokuhlanza ngemva kwesiphepho. Lokhu kushintsha okubafuna ukukubheka.

Imihlahlandlela ehlobene¶

• Ukuphepha kokudla namanzi ngemva kwesiphepho
• Ukuhlanza ngemva kwesiphepho nokhuvethe
• Izihlahla eziwele, izinsaha, namakhanvasi wophahla
• Ikhithi lesiphepho lezokuqala lokuphatha nemithi
• Ukuphepha kwejenereta nekhabhoni monoksayidi