Izingozi zehurikheni: ukukhuphuka kwamanzi, umoya, imvula, amazibhunguzane¶

Leli khasi lichaza izingozi eziza nehurikheni, ithayifuni, noma isayikloni, nokufanele wenze ngengozi ngayinye. Isiphepho siletha izingozi eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: ukukhuphuka kwamanzi, umoya, izikhukhula zemvula, izidumo zamatshe, amazibhunguzane, nemikondo yokubuyela. Bese iseti entsha yezingozi ilandele uma sidlula. Ukwazi yiziphi izingozi ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kukusiza uchithe isikhathi sakho sokulungiselela lapho kubalulekile.

Ukwenze izinto ezintathu kuphela¶

• Thola uma ikhaya lakho likusiyingi sokukhuphuka kwamanzi noma sokubalekiswa esikhukhuleni, unqume manje lapho uzoya khona.
• Ungalokothi uhambe noma ushayele emanzini esikhukhula, ngesikhathi sesiphepho noma ngemva kwaso.
• Funda izingozi zangemva kwesiphepho, ikakhulukazi amajenereta nekhabhoni monoksayidi, ngoba ukufa okuningi kwenzeka ngemva kokuba umoya uyekile.

Umthetho olula: kimbila emanzini, ucashe umoya¶

Abaphathi besimo esiphuthumayo baphinda umthetho owodwa isizini ngasinye: kimbila emanzini, ucashe umoya. Uma ikhaya lakho likusendaweni ekhukhulana olwandle noma imifula, uhamba ngaphambi kwesiphepho. Uma kungenjalo, futhi ikhaya lakho liqinile, ukukhosela egumbini ngaphakathi kuvamise kuphephe kakhulu kunokushayela uye esiphephweni.

Yiphi ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu lapho uhlala¶

Abantu abaningi babhekana nezingozi eziningana, kodwa eyodwa ivamise ibaluleke kakhulu. Sebenzisa leli thebula ukunquma lapho uqale. Bese ufunda isigaba sengozi leyo ngokugcwele.

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi¶

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi yamanzi olwandle asunduzwa emhlabathini umoya wesiphepho. Akusilo wimbe eyodwa. Izinga lonke lolwandle likhuphuka, ngezinye izikhathi ngamamitha ambalwa, lihlale liphezulu amahora, namagagasi phezu kwalo enza kube kubi kakhulu. Amanzi asakazeka ngaphakathi emigwaqeni, emifulaneni, emifuleni, nasemhlabathini ophansi.

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kuhlale kuyingxenye eyingozi kakhulu yamahurikheni isikhathi eside. I-US National Hurricane Center (NHC) ithola ukuthi cishe uhhafu wokufa kwamahurikheni ase-US kusuka ku-1963 kuya ku-2012 kwavela ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi. Emhlabeni wonke, iziphepho ezibulala kakhulu emarekhodini zibulale abantu abaningi ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi. Isayikloni yeBhola ka-1970, kuleyo manje eyi-Bangladesh, yabulala izinkulungwane zamakhulu abantu, kakhulu ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi.

Amanzi angakhuphuka ngesheshe, futhi kaningi afika ngaphambi kwenhloko yesiphepho, abantu besacabanga ukuthi basenesikhathi. Amanzi asinda kakhulu, namanzi anyakazayo namagagasi angakhipha izindlu ezisekelweni zazo. Amamoto, abantu abaningi abathembela kuwo ukubaleka, kaningi izinto zokuqala eziyehlulekayo.

Okulawula ukukhuphuka kwamanzi¶

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kuncike usayizi wesiphepho, isivinini, nepheka, kanye nesimo sogu nesisekelo salwandle. Ogu nezingwenya ezinganjiwele futhi ezithambile zithola ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okuphezulu kakhulu. Isiphepho esibuthaka esikhulu kakhulu singasunduza amanzi amaningi kunesincane, esinamandla kakhulu, ngakho ungahlulele ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ngesigaba.

Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi futhi kuhamba kuye phezulu emifuleni nasemifulaneni. Lokhu kusho ikhaya elikude nogu lingase likhukhulane. Ungaqageli ingozi yakho ngokuthi ukude kangakanani nolwandle.

Okufanele wenze ngokukhuphuka kwamanzi¶

1. Thola isiyingi sakho manje. Amazwe amaningi amepha izindawo zokukhuphuka kwamanzi nokubalekiswa. Sebenzisa ikhasi lethu lamaizindawo zokubalekiswa nekhasi lakho losizo lwasendaweni ukuthola eyakho.
2. Hamba uma izikhulu zikuyalela, ngaphambi komoya uqala. Imigwaqo igcwala, amabhuloho angavaliwa, futhi amahora okugcina yisikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu sokushayela.
3. Uma ungakwazi ukuhamba, yiya endaweni ephezulu kakhulu ephephile yesakhiwo esiqinile. Yenza lokhu kuphela uma izikhulu zingakutshelile uhambe.
4. Uma amanzi ekhuphukela ophahleni, hamba kusenesikhathi esikhundleni. Uphahla luyindlela yokugcina, nokugawula uphahla esikhukhuleni kunzima kakhulu.

Awuhlale udinga ukuhamba kude. Ukushiya isiyingi sokukhuphuka kwamanzi kaningi kusho ukuthuthela amakhilomitha ambalwa (amamaili ambalwa) ngaphakathi noma endaweni ephezulu.

Izikhukhula zemvula¶

Izikhukhula zemvula zingenzeka amakhilomitha ayinhlanganyela (amamaili ayinhlanganyela) kude ogwini nasemva kwezinsuku zokufika emhlabeni. Eziphephweni eziningi zakamuva, imvula ibangele ingxenye enkulu yokufa, futhi ingenza umonakalo omkhulu kunomoya. Emazweni ezintaba njengePhilippines, iTaiwan, iJapan, iHaiti, neCentral America, izikhukhula zemvula nezidumo zamatshe kaningi yizo zibulala kakhulu.

Imvula embi kakhulu ivela kuziphepho ezihamba kancane noma ezimayo, ngoba zithela imvula emhlabathini ofanayo amahora noma izinsuku. Imifula ivamise ukufika esiqongweni usuku noma izimbili ngemva kokuba imvula iyekile, ngakho izikhukhula zingaba zimbi kakhulu njengoba isibhakabhaka sicacisa. Iziphepho ezibuthaka namandla aphansi angaletha imvula eminingi njengeziqinile.

Ukufa okuningi kwezikhukhula kwenzeka abantu bashayela noma bahamba emanzini. I-US National Weather Service ixwayisa ukuthi cishe ama-15 amasentimitha (ama-6 amayintshi) amanzi ahamba ngesheshe angawisa umuntu omdala. Cishe ama-30 amasentimitha (ifuthi 1) amanzi ahamba ngesheshe angabhukuda imoto eziningi, futhi cishe ama-60 amasentimitha (amafuthi 2) angabhukuda imoto eziningi, kuhlanganise ama-SUV namaloli amancane. Umgwaqo ngaphansi kwamanzi nawo ungase ube ushonile.

Uma amanzi akhuphuka azungeza¶

• Thuthela endaweni ephezulu noma kufulo oliphezulu uma ukwazi ukwenza lokho ngokuphepha. Ungahambi noma ubhukude emanzini ahamba ukufikelela lapho.
• Ungathinti izitshingo zogesi noma izinsiza ngenkathi umi emanzini. Uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela i-breaker enhloko ngaphandle kokuma emanzini, cima ugesi lapho.
• Gcina izingane nezilwane kude namanzi. Amanzi esikhukhula angafihla izibi ezibukhali, imigodi evuliwe, nendle.
• Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo yesimo esiphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada) uma ubambeke ungakwazi ukufinyelela indawo yokuphepha.

Ikhasi lethu lamazikhukhula ngesikhathi sesiphepho likhuluma ngalokhu ngokucacisa kakhudlwana. Ngeziphepho ezileta imvula izinsuku, bona iziphepho ezinde.

Izidumo zamatshe nodaka¶

Imvula enkudlwana emhlabathini onemigogo emikhulu ingawisa amagquma, kaningi ebusuku futhi ngaphandle kwesaziso esanele. Izidumo zamatshe nodaka zimboza amakhaya, imigwaqo, namamoto, futhi zingenzeka kude nogu.

Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zihlanganisa ukuqhekeka okusha emhlabathini noma ezindongeni, izihlahla noma amapholi aphendukile, amanzi odaka angazumi ezifufaneni, nomsindo wokunduma. Uma uhlala phezulu noma ngaphansi komgogo omkhulu, noma eduze nomfudlana, hlela ukuhamba ngaphambi kokufika kwemvula enkudlwana. Landela izexwayiso zesidumo samatshe zohulumeni wakho wendawo, futhi ungakaze ukhosele egumbini elibhekene nomgogo.

Uma umhlabathi uqala ukunyakaza, suka emgogo uye eceleni kwawo, hhayi ngaphansi endleleni yawo. Bese ushayela inombolo yakho yesimo esiphuthumayo usendaweni ephephile.

Umoya nezibi eziphapha¶

Umoya wehurikheni ukhipha uphahla, uphuke izihlahla, uphenduke izinto ezijwayelekile zibe imicibisho eyindiza. Ukulimala okuningi komoya kuvela ezibini, hhayi umoya ngokwawo. Igxiwa, isicaba sophahla sensimbi, noma isihlalo sepatio esihamba ngesivinini somgwaqo omkhulu singangena efasiteleni noma shaye umuntu.

Umoya onamandla kakhulu usedongeni leso ezungeze inhloko, kodwa umoya we-tropical storm force ufika amahora ngaphambi futhi ufinyelela kude nenhloko. Uma umoya ufinyelela cishe ku-63 km/h (39 mph), ukuba ngaphandle noma emgwaqeni kuba kuyingozi. Umoya uvamise ube namandla kakhulu phezulu kwezakhiwo eziphakeme. Uma uhlala ebhilidi eliphakeme, funda ikhasi lethu lamakhaya aphakeme.

Lapho uhlala ngesikhathi somoya onamandla kakhulu¶

Khetha igumbi elingaphakathi elingenamafasitele, kufulo eliphansi kakhulu elingeke likhukhulane. Ibhavu, ikhabethe, noma ikorido maphakathi nesakhiwo isebenza kahle. Faka izindonga eziningi ongakwazi phakathi kwakho nangaphandle. Uma usefulethini, hlola uhlelo lwakho besakhiwo, ngoba izakhiwo ezithize ziqamba indawo eyodwa yokukhosela.

Ukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu komoya isakhiwo esiqinile, igumbi ngaphakathi, nokuhlala kude namafasitele. Ngenisa noma ubophe noma yini exegayo ngaphambi kwesiphepho. Uma uhlala ekhaya elihambahamba, ikhalavani, noma indlu elula yezinkuni noma yensimbi, hlela ukuhamba kunoma luphi uhurikheni. Bona amakhaya ahambahamba nokulungiselela ikhaya lakho.

Amazibhunguzane emabhendini angaphandle¶

Amahurikheni kaningi akhiqiza amazibhunguzane, kakhulu emabhendini emvula engxenyeni yangaphambili kwesokunene yesiphepho, uqhathaniswa nendlela sihamba ngayo, esifundeni sangenyakatho. Esifundeni saseningizimu, njengaseAustralia, eMozambique, eMadagascar, nase-South Pacific, kuyingxenye yangaphambili yesobunxele. Amazibhunguzane wamahurikheni avamise aphile isikhathi esifushane kunamazibhunguzane amanye, kodwa abumbeka ngesheshe futhi anikeza isaziso esincane. Angafika kusenesikhathi kakhulu ngaphambi kokufika kwenhloko futhi kude ngaphakathi.

Gcina izexwayiso zefoni yakho zivuliwe sonke isikhathi sesiphepho. Uma isaziso sezibhunguzane sifika, hamba egumbini elingaphakathi efulo eliphansi kakhulu elingeke likhukhulane, uhlale lapho kuze isaziso siphele. Funda okwengeziwe ngamazibhunguzane ngesikhathi sehurikheni.

Imikondo yokubuyela namagagasi aphezulu¶

Isiphepho esikude amakhilomitha ayinhlanganyela (amamaili ayinhlanganyela) olwandle singabulala abantu ebhishi. Amagagasi amakhulu ahamba kude kuphambili kwesiphepho futhi akhiqiza imikondo yokubuyela enamandla edonsa abantu abahlamba kude noguni. Ukufa lokhu kaningi kwenzeka ngezinsuku ezinelanga, kude nesiphepho uqobo.

Hlala ngaphandle kolwandle uma isistim setropiki sikhona kunoma yiphi indawo yesifunda, ngisho isimo sezulu sibonakala silungile. Uma umkondo wokubuyela ukudonsa, ungawulwisi. Bhukuda uhambisana nogu kuze ukhululeke, bese ubhukuda uyobuyela ngengcamu, noma uphaphe uphakamise isandla ucela usizo.

Ungahambi ezindongeni zolwandle, iziteshi, noma amadwala ukubuka amagagasi. Amagagasi amakhulu angasunduza abantu ngaphandle kwesaziso.

Ngemva kwesiphepho: izingozi ezibulala kuthule¶

Abantu abaningi bafa ngemva kwehurikheni, hhayi ngesikhathi saso. Izimbangela zijwayelekile, lokhu okwenza zibe yingozi. Abantu bayeka ukuqapha uma umoya uyekile, futhi bakhathele, bashisa, futhi basheshisa.

• Ikhabhoni monoksayidi evela emajenerethi, amagrili, izitovu zamalahle, noma izimoto ezisebenza ngaphakathi noma eduze kakhulu namafasitele. Ayinaphunga futhi ibulala abantu balele.
• Ukushaywa ugesi ezintambeni ezikhishiwe namanzi athintiwe amazinsimbi aphila. Phatha intambo yonke njengokuthi iphila, hlala kude kakhulu, ubike enkampanini yakho yezinsiza nehhovisi lakho lendawo lesimo esiphuthumayo.
• Amanzi esikhukhula afihla imigodi, izibi ezibukhali, nendle, futhi angaphatha isifo. Zigcine izingane kude kuwo, uzigeze izandla ngaphambi kokudla.
• Ukugula ngukushisa, ngoba ugesi ucimile, amafeni nomshini wokupholisa umoya kucimile, futhi abantu basebenza kanzima ngaphandle. Bona ukuphepha ekushiseni ngemva kwesiphepho.
• Izingozi zokuhlanza, kuhlanganise ukulimala ngensaha, ukuwa ezingalombeni naphahleni, nokushaywa inhliziyo ngomsebenzi onzima. Bona izihlahla eziwele namakhanvasi wophahla.
• Amanzi angaphephile nokudla okonakele. Bona ukuphepha kokudla namanzi.

Ingozi nganye kulezi ingavinjelwa. Ingxenye yethu ngemva kwesiphepho ikhuluma ngenye ngenye ngokugcwele, kuhlanganise ukuphepha kwejenereta, ukubuyela ekhaya ngokuphepha, nezingozi zezempilo ngemva kwesiphepho.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile¶

• Ukushayela uyobheka izikhukhula, noma uhlole indlu. Imigwaqo kaningi ivaliwe ngesizathu, futhi ukusindisa umuntu owaphuma kudonsa amaqembu kubantu ababambeke.
• Ukushiya ukubalekiswa kuze umoya uqale. Uma umoya unamandla, ukuhamba ngezinyawo noma ngemoto kuphenduka kunzima kakhulu.
• Ukusebenzisa igrili, isitofu sekamu, noma ijenereta ngaphakathi isikhashana esifushane, noma ngeminyango ivuliwe.
• Ukucabanga ukuthi usuku lwelanga ebhishi luphephile ngoba isiphepho sikude.
• Ukuhamba emgwaqeni okhukhulane uma amanzi esehle. Umonakalo ngaphansi kobuso ungase ufihliwe, umgwaqo ungaphuka.

Imihlahlandlela ehlobene¶

• Izigaba zehurikheni zichaziwe
• Izexwayiso vs izaziso zehurikheni
• Yazi isiyingi yakho yokubalekiswa
• Bhaleka noma uhlale
• Ngemva kwesiphepho