Njodzi dzedutu: kusimuka kwemvura, mhepo, mvura, matornado¶

Peji iri rinotsanangura njodzi dzinouya nedutu, typhoon, kana cyclone, uye zvokuita pane imwe neimwe. Dutu rinounza njodzi dzakawanda panguva imwe chete: kusimuka kwemvura, mhepo, mafashamo emvura, kudonha kwevhu, matornado, nemafungu anokwevera mugungwa. Zvino njodzi nyowani dzinotevera kana dutu rapfuura. Kuziva njodzi dzinokonzera kukuvadza kukuru kunobatsira kuti ushandise nguva yako yekugadzirira pazvinhu zvinokosha.

Kana uchiita zvitatu chete¶

• Ziva kana imba yako iri munzvimbo yekutizira yekusimuka kwemvura kana mafashamo, uye sarudza izvozvi kwaunoenda.
• Usambofamba kana kutyaira mumvura yemafashamo, panguva yedutu kana pashure pacho.
• Dzidza njodzi dzinouya pashure pedutu, kunyanya majenareta negasi rinouraya, nekuti rufu rwakawanda runoitika mhepo yapera.

Mutemo wakareruka: tiza mvura, vanda mhepo¶

Vanotarisira dambudziko vanodzokorora mutemo mumwe mwaka wega wega: tiza mvura, uvande mhepo. Kana imba yako iri panzvimbo inofashama ichibva kugungwa kana kunzizi, unotiza dutu risati rasvika. Kana zvisiri izvo, uye imba yako yakasimba, kugara muimba yemukati zvinowanzova zvakachengeteka kupfuura kutyaira muchienda mudutu.

Njodzi ipi inonyanya kukosha kwaugere¶

Vanhu vazhinji vanosangana nenjodzi dzakawanda, asi imwe inowanzokosha kupfuura dzimwe. Shandisa tafura iyi kusarudza kwekutangira. Wozoverenga chikamu chenjodzi iyoyo chakazara.

Kusimuka kwemvura¶

Kusimuka kwemvura ndiyo mvura yegungwa inosundirwa panyika nemhepo yedutu. Haisi fungu rimwe chete. Pasi rese regungwa rinosimuka, dzimwe nguva nemamita akawanda, uye rinoramba rakakwirira kwemaawa, mafungu achiri pamusoro achiwedzera kuipa. Mvura inopararira mukati nemigwagwa, migero, nzizi, uye nzvimbo dzakaderera.

Kusimuka kwemvura kwagara kuri chikamu chinouraya zvikuru chemadutu. National Hurricane Center (NHC) yeUnited States yakawana kuti anenge hafu yerufu rwemadutu muUS kubva muna 1963 kusvika 2012 kwakabva mukusimuka kwemvura. Pasi rose, madutu akanyanya kuuraya anonyanya kuuraya vanhu vazhinji nekusimuka kwemvura. Bhola cyclone ya1970, muna zvino inova Bangladesh, yakauraya mazana ezviuru zvevanhu, vazhinji nekusimuka kwemvura.

Mvura inogona kusimuka nekukurumidza, uye kazhinji inosvika pedutu risati rasvika, vanhu vachifunga kuti vachine nguva. Mvura inorema zvikuru, uye mvura inofamba ine mafungu inogona kubvisa dzimba padzinde rayo. Mota, dzinovimbwa nevanhu vazhinji kuti vatize, kazhinji dzinova ndedzinotanga kukundikana.

Chinosarudza kusimuka¶

Kusimuka kunoenderana nesaizi yedutu, kukurumidza, uye kona yarinosanganidzana nehombekombe, uye chimiro chehombekombe nepasi pegungwa. Hombekombe dzisina kudzika, dzakatenderera zvishoma, nezvitubu dzinowana kusimuka kukuru. Dutu risina kusimba asi rakakura rinogona kusundira mvura yakawanda kupfuura rakasimba asi diki, saka usafunga nezve kusimuka uchitarisa mhando yeketegori chete.

Kusimuka kunofambawo kuchikwira munzizi nemigero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti imba iri kure nehombekombe inogona kuramba ichifashama. Usafungidzira njodzi yako uchitarisa kuti wakamira kure sei negungwa.

Chokuita nezvekusimuka kwemvura¶

1. Ziva nzvimbo yako izvozvi. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoratidza maemapi enzvimbo dzekusimuka nedzekutizira. Shandisa peji redu pane nzvimbo dzekutizira nepeji rako rerubatsiro rwenharaunda kuti uwane yako.
2. Tiza kana vakuru vataura kudaro, mhepo isati yatanga. Migwagwa inozara, mabhiriji anogona kuvharwa, uye maawa ekupedzisira ndiwo nguva inonyanya kuvhundutsa yekutyaira.
3. Kana ukasagona kutiza, enda kunzvimbo yakakwirira kwakachengeteka yechivakwa chakasimba. Ita izvi kana vakuru vasina kukuudza kuti ubude.
4. Kana mvura ikachikwira kuenda kuroof, tiza wakakasika pachinzvimbo. Roof inova danho rekupedzisira, uye kucheka kuburikidza nedenga mukati memafashamo zvakaoma kuita.

Haufaniri kuenda kure nguva dzose. Kubva munzvimbo yekusimuka kwemvura kazhinji kunoreva kufamba makiromita mashoma (maira mashoma) mukati kana kunzvimbo yakakwirira.

Mafashamo emvura¶

Mafashamo anobva kumvura anogona kuitika makiromita mazana (maira mazana) kubva kuhombekombe uye mazuva pashure pekusvika kwedutu panyika. Mumadutu akawanda anoitika zvino, mvura yakakonzera chikamu chikuru cherufu, uye inogona kukuvadza kupfuura mhepo. Munyika dzine makomo dzakaita seThe Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, Haiti, uye Central America, mafashamo emvura nekudonha kwevhu ndiwo anowanzouraya zvikuru.

Mvura yakanyanya kuipa inobva kumadutu anofamba zvishoma kana anomira, nekuti anodonhedza mvura panyika imwe chete kwemaawa kana mazuva. Nzizi dzinowanzozara zuva kana maviri mvura yapera kudonha, saka mafashamo anogona kutowedzera kuipa denga richijeka. Madutu asina kusimba nedepression dzinogona kuunza mvura zhinji sezvinoita madutu akasimba.

Rufu rwakawanda rwemafashamo runoitika kana vanhu vachityaira kana kufamba mumvura. US National Weather Service inoyambira kuti anenge 15 centimeters (6 inches) yemvura inomhanya inogona kukanda munhu mukuru pasi. Anenge 30 centimeters (1 foot) yemvura inomhanya inogona kuyangarika mota zhinji, uye anenge 60 centimeters (2 feet) inogona kutakura mota zhinji, kusanganisira SUV nema pickup. Mugwagwa uri pasi pemvura unogonawo kunge wapera.

Kana mvura ichikwira kwauri¶

• Enda kunzvimbo yakakwirira kana pamusoro kana uchigona kuita izvi zvakachengeteka. Usafamba kana kuyambuka mumvura inofamba kuti usvike ipapo.
• Usabate switch kana zvishandiswa zvemagetsi uchimira mumvura. Kana ukagona kusvika pabreaker huru pasina kumira mumvura, dzima magetsi ipapo.
• Chengetedza vana nezvipfuyo kure nemvura. Mvura yemafashamo inogona kuvanza marara anotema, mahoro akavhurika, uye marara echitofu.
• Fonera nhamba yako yedambudziko yenharaunda (911 muUnited States neCanada) kana wakakomekedzwa uye ukasagona kusvika panzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Peji redu pane mafashamo panguva yedutu rinotaura izvi zvakadzama. Kumadutu anounza mvura kwemazuva, ona madutu anoreba.

Kudonha kwevhu nenhapwa¶

Mvura yakasimba pavhu rakakwirira inogona kukandira zvikomo pasi, kazhinji usiku uye ine nyevero shoma. Kudonha kwevhu nenhapwa zvinoviga dzimba, migwagwa, nemota, uye zvinogona kuitika kure nehombekombe.

Zviratidzo zvenyevero zvinosanganisira mikaha mitsva pavhu kana pamadziro, miti kana mapango achitsveyama, mvura yakasviba pakarepo mumarwizi, uye mutinhimira unonzwika. Kana ugere pamusoro kana pasi pechikomo chakakwirira, kana pedyo nemupata, ronga kutiza mvura yakasimba isati yasvika. Tevera nyevero dzekudonha kwevhu dzehurumende yako yenharaunda, uye usambovanda muimba inotarisana nechikomo.

Kana vhu rikatanga kufamba, buda pachikomo uye uende kudivi rayo, kwete kudzika munzira yayo. Wozofonera nhamba yako yedambudziko yenharaunda kubva panzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Mhepo nemarara anobhururuka¶

Mhepo yedutu inobvarura roof, inotyora miti, uye inoshandura zvinhu zvakajairika kuita zvinhu zvinopfurwa. Kukuvara kwakawanda kwemhepo kunobva kumarara, kwete kumhepo pacharo. Davi, bepa reroof resimbi, kana chigaro chepatio chinofamba nespidi yemugwagwa chinogona kupinda nehwindo kana kurova munhu.

Mhepo yakasimba zvikuru iri mu-eyewall yakakomberedza pakati, asi mhepo ine simba re tropical storm inosvika maawa akawanda achisati asvika uye inosvika kure nepakati. Kana mhepo ikasvika pa63 km/h (39 mph), kuva panze kana pamugwagwa kunova nenjodzi. Mhepo inowanzosimba kumusoro kwezvivakwa zvakakwirira. Kana ugere muchivakwa chakakwirira, verenga peji redu pane zvivakwa zvakakwirira.

Kuti ugare kupi panguva yemhepo yakasimba zvikuru¶

Sarudza imba yemukati isina mahwindo, pasi pepamusoro pasingafashami. Bhavhuru, kabati, kana korido pakati pechivakwa zvinoshanda zvakanaka. Isa madziro mazhinji sekugona kwako pakati pako nekunze. Kana uri mufurati, tarisa hurongwa hwechivakwa chako, nekuti zvivakwa zvimwe zvinotaura nzvimbo chaiyo yekuvanda.

Kudzivirira kwakanakisa kune mhepo ndeye chivakwa chakasimba, imba yemukati, uye kugara kure nemahwindo. Pinza kana usungirire chinhu chipi nechipi chisina kusungwa dutu risati rasvika. Kana ugere muimba inofambiswa, caravan, kana imba isina kusimba yematanda kana simbi, ronga kutiza kune dutu ripi neripi. Ona dzimba dzinofambiswa uye kugadzirira imba yako.

Matornado mumahoko ekunze¶

Madutu anowanzoburitsa matornado, kazhinji mumahoko emvura echikamu chekurudyi-mberi chedutu, kuenzanisa nenzira yarwo rwekufamba, muhemisphere yekuchamhembe. Muhemisphere yekumaodzanyemba, kwakatenderedzwa Australia, Mozambique, Madagascar, neSouth Pacific, ndicho chikamu chekuruboshwe-mberi. Matornado edutu anowanzogara nguva pfupi kupfuura matornado mamwe, asi anoumbwa nekukurumidza uye anopa nyevero shoma. Anogona kusvika dutu risati rasvika uye kure mukati menyika.

Ramba une nyevero dzefoni panguva yedutu rose. Kana nyevero yetornado ikauya, enda kuimba yemukati pasi pepamusoro pasingafashami, uye ugare ipapo kusvikira nyevero yapera. Verenga zvakawanda pane matornado panguva yehurricane.

Mafungu anokwevera uye mafungu makuru¶

Dutu riri makiromita mazana (maira mazana) kugungwa richiri kugona kuuraya vanhu pahombekombe. Mafungu makuru anofamba kure dutu risati rasvika uye anogadzira mafungu anokwevera akasimba anokwevera vashambadzi kubva kuhombekombe. Rufu urwu rwunowanzoitika pamazuva anojeka, kure nedutu racho.

Ramba uri kunze kwegungwa pese paine tropical system munharaunda, kunyange mamiriro ekunze achitaridzika akanaka. Kana fungu rinokwevera rikakubata, usarwisana naro. Shambira wakananga kuhombekombe kusvikira wasunungurwa, wozoshambira uchidzokera pakona, kana ufloate uye udzungudze ruoko uchikumbira rubatsiro.

Usafamba pamidziyo yemadziro egungwa, pamapea, kana pamatombo kuti uone mafungu. Mafungu makuru anogona kutakura vanhu pasina nyevero.

Pashure pedutu: njodzi dzinouraya zvakanyarara¶

Vanhu vazhinji vanofa pashure pedutu, kwete panguva yaro. Zvinokonzera ndezvakajairika, izvo zvinozviita njodzi. Vanhu vanorega kungwarira mhepo yapera, uye vanenge vakaneta, vachipisa, uye vachikasika.

• Gasi rinouraya (carbon monoxide) rinobva kumajenareta, mabhuri, machoto echirko, kana motokari dzinofambiswa mukati kana pedyo zvikuru nemahwindo. Harina kunhuwira uye rinouraya vanhu vachirara.
• Kudengenyerwa nemagetsi kunobva kumiline yemagetsi yakadonha nemvura yakabata waya ine magetsi. Batisa miline yese kunge ine magetsi, gara kure zvikuru, uye udzivise kambani yemagetsi nehofisi yako yedambudziko yenharaunda.
• Mvura yemafashamo inovanza mahoro, marara anotema, uye marara echitofu, uye inogona kutakura hosha. Chengetedza vana kure nayo, uye ugeze maoko ako usati wadya.
• Hosha yekupisa, nekuti magetsi adzimwa, mafani neair conditioning adzimwa, uye vanhu vari kushanda zvakasimba panze. Ona kuchengetedza kubva kukupisa pashure pedutu.
• Njodzi dzekuchenesa, kusanganisira kukuvara kwechain saw, kudonha kubva pamatanda nepamaroof, uye kurwadziwa nemoyo kubva kubasa rakasimba. Ona miti yakadonha netapurin dzedenga.
• Mvura isina kuchengeteka nezvokudya zvakaora. Ona kuchengetedza zvokudya nemvura.

Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinogona kudziviswa. Chikamu chedu chepashure pedutu chinofukidza chimwe nechimwe zvakadzama, kusanganisira kuchengetedza majenareta, kudzokera kumba zvakachengeteka, uye njodzi zveutano pashure pedutu.

Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika¶

• Kutyaira kuenda kuona mafashamo, kana kutarisa imba. Migwagwa inowanzovharwa nechikonzero, uye kununura munhu akabuda kunotapudza mapoka anotasva kubva kuvanhu vakakomekedzwa.
• Kusiya kutiza kusvika mhepo yatotanga. Mhepo yakasimba yatanga, kubuda netsoka kana nemota kunova kwakaoma zvikuru.
• Kufambisa bhuri, chotokemp, kana jenareta mukati kwenguva pfupi, kana ne masuo akavhurwa.
• Kufunga kuti zuva rakajeka pahombekombe rakachengeteka nekuti dutu riri kure.
• Kufamba pamugwagwa wakafashama mvura yadzikira. Kukuvadzwa pasi pepamusoro kunogona kuvanzwa, uye mugwagwa unogona kudonha.

Nhungamiro dzinoenderana¶

• Mhando dzemadutu zvakatsanangurwa
• Hurricane watch ne-warning
• Ziva nzvimbo yako yekutizira
• Tiza kana ugare
• Pashure pedutu