Mhando dzemadutu zvakatsanangurwa¶
Hurricane, typhoon, uye tropical cyclone ndiwo dutu rimwe chete, rine mazita akasiyana mumakungwa akasiyana. Zvose zviri munhungamiro iyi zvinoshanda kwaari ose.
Mhando dzemadutu dzinoyera mhepo yedutu kubva pa1 kusvika pa5. Peji iri rinotsanangura zvinogona kuitwa nemhando imwe neimwe, kuti ushandise sei nhamba iyi paunenge uchironga, uye chimwe chinhu chayinosiya: mvura, inova ndiyo inokonzera rufu rwakawanda rwemadutu. Kana wakatora chimwe chinhu pano, tora ichi: mhando inoyera mhepo chete.
Kana uchiita zvitatu chete¶
- Sarudza kana uchatiza uchitarisa nzvimbo yako yekutizira neimba yako, kwete mhando.
- Gadzirira mhando imwe kudarika yakafanotaurwa, nekuti madutu anogona kusimba nekukurumidza.
- Verenga kufanotaura kwemvura nekusimuka kwenzvimbo yako pese paunoverenga mhando.
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale¶
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale inoshandiswa neNational Hurricane Center (NHC) kuAtlantic nePacific yekumabvazuva nepakati. Inoyera madutu kubva pa1 kusvika pa5 netekurumidza kwemhepo yakasimba zvikuru, iyo NHC inoyera sepawiro pemineti imwe chete. Mafungu emhepo (gusts) anogona kunge akasimba zvikuru kupfuura mhepo yakagara.
| Mhando | Mhepo yakagara | Kukuvadzwa kunowanzoitika |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 119 kusvika 153 km/h (74 kusvika 95 mph) | Kukuvara kudiki kuma roof, shingles, siding, negutter. Matavi makuru anotyoka uye miti isina midzi yakadzika inogona kudonha. Kudzima kwemagetsi kunogona kutora mazuva |
| 2 | 154 kusvika 177 km/h (96 kusvika 110 mph) | Kukuvadzwa kukuru. Dzimba dzakavakwa zvakanaka dzinogona kukuvara zvakanyanya paroof nesiding. Miti yakawanda inodonha ichivhara migwagwa. Kurasikirwa kwemagetsi kwemazuva kusvika mavhiki |
| 3 (huru) | 178 kusvika 208 km/h (111 kusvika 129 mph) | Kukuvadzwa kukuru zvikuru. Dzimba dzakavakwa zvakanaka dzinogona kurasikirwa roof decking nemagable ends. Miti yakawanda inotyoka kana kudzurwa. Magetsi nemvura adzimwa kwemazuva kusvika mavhiki |
| 4 (huru) | 209 kusvika 251 km/h (130 kusvika 156 mph) | Kukuvadzwa kukuru zvikuru. Dzimba dzakavakwa zvakanaka dzinogona kurasikirwa roof yakawanda nemadziro mamwe ekunze. Miti yakawanda nemapango emagetsi anodonha. Nzvimbo dzinogona kusagarika kwemavhiki kana mwedzi |
| 5 (huru) | 252 km/h (157 mph) kana kupfuura | Kukuvadzwa kukuru zvikuru. Chikamu chikuru chedzimba dzakavakwa nematanda chinoparadzwa. Miti nemapango emagetsi akadonha anovhara nharaunda. Nzvimbo dzinogona kusagarika kwemavhiki kana mwedzi |
Mhando 3, 4, ne5 dzinonzi "major hurricanes". Zita iri rinoreva kukuvadzwa kwemhepo. Harireva kuti Mhando 1 kana 2 yakachengeteka, nekuti NHC inotaura kuti madutu ese anoburitsa mhepo inogona kuuraya.
Chinorehwa nemhando imwe neimwe kwauri¶
Shandisa mhando kuronga kukuvadzwa kwemhepo uye kuti zvishandiswa zvinogona kudzimwa kwenguva yakareba sei. Shandisa nzvimbo yako yekutizira uye mhando yeimba yako kusarudza kana uchatiza.
Mhando 1. Zvinhu zvisina kusungwa zvinobhururuka uye shingles dzinodonha. Miti isina midzi yakadzika inogona kudonhera mota, dzimba, nemiline yemagetsi. Ronga magetsi kudzimwa kwemazuva, uye uve nemvura nezvokudya kwenguva iyoyo zvakare.
Mhando 2. Roof nesiding zvinokuvara zvakawanda, uye miti yakawanda inodonha zvinoita kuti migwagwa iramba yakavharwa. Tarisira magetsi kudzima munzira yese uye kuramba akadzimwa kwevhiki kana kupfuura panzvimbo dzimwe. Zvivakwa zvisina kusimba, zvivakwa zvidiki, nedzimba dzinofambiswa dzekare dziri panjodzi huru.
Mhando 3. Dzimba dzakavakwa zvakanaka dzinotanga kurasikirwa nezvikamu zveroof. Mvura nemagetsi anogona kudzimwa kwemavhiki, izvo zvinoita kuti kugara kumba kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuvacheche, vakuru, uye munhu wese anoda magetsi ekurapwa. Nzvimbo zhinji dzinoda kutizwa kwakazara pamhando iyi, asi nzvimbo dzekusimuka dzinogona kuudzwa kutiza kumadutu asina kusimba.
Mhando 4. Mhepo inogona kubvisa roof reimba uye ikandira pasi madziro ekunze. Anenge miti yese nemapango emagetsi anodonha. Nharaunda dzinogona kuvharwa, uye kugadzirisa kunotora mwedzi.
Mhando 5. Chikamu chikuru chedzimba dzakavakwa nematanda chinoparadzwa. Zvivakwa zvishoma kunze kwezvakavakwa necement yakasimba zvinogona kugara zvakanaka. Kuvandudza kunotora mwedzi kana makore.
Dzimba dzinofambiswa nezvivakwa zvisina kusimba
Imba inofambiswa, caravan, kana imba isina kusimba yematanda kana simbi inogona kukuvara zvakanyanya kana kuparadzwa nemhepo yedutu, kunyange paMhando 1. Kana ugere mune imwe, ronga kutiza kune dutu ripi neripi. Ona peji redu pane dzimba dzinofambiswa.
Kushandisa mhando paunoronga¶
Mhando inokuratidza chinogona kuitwa nemhepo kuchivakwa chako uye kuti magetsi anogona kudzimwa kwenguva yakareba sei. Haikuratidzi kana uchafanira kutiza. Shandisa chirongwa ichi paunoverenga kufanotaura:
- Tarisa nzvimbo yako yekutizira. Kana vakuru vakakuudza kuti ubude munzvimbo yako, tiza, pasinei nemhando.
- Tarisa imba yako. Imba inofambiswa, imba ine roof yekare, kana imba iri pamatanda pedyo nemvura inoda danho rakaderera rekutiza kupfuura chivakwa chakasimba chiri mukati menyika.
- Tarisa kufanotaura kwekusimuka nekwemvura. Izvi zvinosarudza kuti nzvimbo yako inogona kutota sei, uye zvinogona kuipa kupfuura mhepo kunyange pamhando yakaderera.
- Ronga mhando imwe kudarika iyi. Chengeta zvinodiwa zvakafanana uye ugadzire chirongwa chakafanana. Kana dutu rikaramba risina kusimba, haurasikirwi nechinhu.
- Tarisa advisory patsva mazuva ega ega. Kufanotaura kunochinja, uye advisory inotevera inogona kuisa nzvimbo yako mukati kana kunze kweyambiro.
Kana ugere mukati menyika kure, nechivakwa chakasimba uye pasina njodzi yekusimuka, Mhando 1 inogona kureva kudzimwa kwemagetsi kwenguva yakareba uye zvishoma zvimwe. Kana ugere pahombekombe, panzvimbo yakaderera, kana pedyo nerwizi, mhando iyi inogona kureva njodzi inobva kumvura mukati memaawa.
Tropical depressions netropical storms¶
Hazvisi tropical system yese inova hurricane. NHC inoshandisa mutemo mumwe chete wemhepo kutsaura zvikamu zvisina kusimba.
| Chikamu | Mhepo yakagara |
|---|---|
| Tropical depression | 62 km/h (38 mph) kana zasi |
| Tropical storm | 63 kusvika 118 km/h (39 kusvika 73 mph) |
| Hurricane | 119 km/h (74 mph) kana kupfuura |
Tropical depression ndeyeyakarongwa ine kutenderera kwakavharwa asi mhepo isina kusimba. Tropical storm yakasimba zvakakwana kuwana zita. Kana mhepo yasvika 119 km/h (74 mph), inova hurricane.
Tropical storms dzinofanira kuremekedzwa. Mhepo yadzo inodzima magetsi uye inokandira miti pasi. Tropical storm kana depression inofamba zvishoma inogonawo kudonhedza mvura yakawanda zvikuru uye kukonzera mafashamo anouraya kure nehombekombe.
Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa mamwe maumbirwo¶
Saffir-Simpson scale inoshandiswa kuAtlantic nePacific yekumabvazuva nepakati. Matunhu mamwe anoyera madutu nenzira yawo, uye nhamba hazvienzani.
| Dunhu | Umbirwo kana mazita | Chinofanira kuzivikanwa |
|---|---|---|
| Australia neSouth Pacific | Mhando 1 kusvika 5 | Zvakavakirwa pamafungu akasimba zvikuru ejairika, kwete mhepo yakagara. Australian Category 3 inotanga pamafungu e165 km/h (103 mph) |
| Philippines (PAGASA) | Tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, super typhoon | Super typhoon inotanga pa185 km/h (115 mph) |
| Japan (JMA) | Typhoon, kozotevera strong, very strong, violent | Dutu ripi neripi rinenge 62 km/h (39 mph) kana kupfuura rinonzi typhoon |
| India nenorth Indian Ocean (IMD) | Depression kusvika super cyclonic storm | Cyclonic storm inotanga pa62 km/h (39 mph). Super cyclonic storm inotanga pa222 km/h (138 mph) |
| Southwest Indian Ocean (Météo-France) | Moderate tropical storm kusvika very intense tropical cyclone | Zvikamu zvinosarudzwa nemhepo yakagara. Météo-France yakachinja kuti inotsaura sei mhepo yakasimba zvikuru muna June 2026, saka tarisa mapeji ayo azvino |
Mahofisi mazhinji kunze kweUnited States anoyera mhepo yakagara pamaminitsi gumi. India inoyera pamaminitsi matatu. Pawiro rakareba rinopa nhamba yakaderera, saka dutu rimwe chete rinogona kutaridzika risina kusimba paumbirwo humwe kupfuura humwe. Zita "super typhoon" rinosiyanawo. PAGASA inorishandisa kubva pa185 km/h (115 mph), US Joint Typhoon Warning Center inorichengetedza kumhepo yesvika 241 km/h (150 mph) kana kupfuura.
Shandisa umbirwo hunoshandiswa nehofisi yako yekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze yenyika, uye usafananidza nhamba pakati penyika. Peji redu pane ma-typhoon, ma-cyclone, nama-hurricane pasi rose rine matafura akazara.
Mhando inoyera mhepo chete¶
Umbirwo humwe nehumwe uhwu hunoyera mhepo. Hapana pahwo hunokuudza nezvedzimwe njodzi dzinouya nedutu.
- Kusimuka kwemvura kunoenderana nesaizi yedutu, kukurumidza kwarwo, kona yarinosanganidzana nehombekombe, uye chimiro chepasi pegungwa pedyo nehombekombe. Dutu rakakura, risina kusimba zvikuru rinogona kusundira mvura yakawanda kupfuura rakasimba zvikuru asi diki.
- Mvura inoenderana zvikuru nekukurumidza kwekufamba kwedutu uye hunyoro hunotakura. Tropical storm inomira inogona kukonzera mafashamo akanyanya kuipa kupfuura Category 4 inofamba nekukurumidza.
- Saizi inosiyana. Madutu maviri emhando imwe chete anogona kuva nemabhande emhepo akasiyana zvikuru, uye rakakura rinowanzokuvadza vanhu vakawanda.
- Matornado, mafungu anokwevera, nekudonha kwevhu hazvisi chikamu chemhando zvachose.
Mvura inouraya vanhu vakawanda kupfuura mhepo
MuUnited States, mvura inokonzera rufu rwakawanda rwakananga rwemadutu, kubva pakusimuka kwemvura, mafashamo emukati, uye mafungu anokwevera. Vanhu vakafa mumadutu eMhando 1 nemumatropical storm. Kana vakuru vakakuudza kuti ubude munzvimbo yekusimuka kana mafashamo, tiza, pasinei nemhando.
Madutu anoratidza mukana uyu¶
Madutu aya ndemaenzaniso akanaka ekuti nei mhando chikamu chimwe chete chenyaya. Zvinhu zviri pazasi ndezvakataurwa nemhuri yese yenhau.
- Hurricane Dorian (2019) yakasvika pane Bahamas seMhando 5 kozomira pamusoro pezvitsuwa kwemaawa akawanda. Kufamba zvishoma kwakarega mhepo nemvura zvichiramba zvichishanda panzvimbo imwe chete kwenguva yakareba.
- Hurricane Harvey (2017) yaiva Mhando 4 payakasvika muTexas, asi kukuvadzwa kukuru kwakabva kumvura. Yakamira pamusoro peTexas yesouth-east ikadonhedza mvura inopfuura 60 inches (1,500 mm) panzvimbo dzimwe.
- Hurricane Ida (2021) yaiva Mhando 4 payakasvika muLouisiana. Zvasara zvayo zvakakonzera mafashamo anouraya muNew York neNew Jersey, kure nekwayakasvika.
- Hurricane Ian (2022) yaiva Mhando 4 payakasvika kusouthwest Florida, uye kusimuka kwemvura kwakakonzera chikamu chikuru cherufu ipapo.
- Typhoon Haiyan (2013) yaiva super typhoon payakarova pakati peThe Philippines, uye kusimuka kwemvura ndicho chaiva chikonzero chikuru cherufu munzvimbo dzakanyanya kukuvadzwa.
Dzidziso ndeimwe chete mune imwe neimwe. Ziva kwaichaenda mvura, uye ufambe isati yasvika.
Nei vanhu vachikanganisa mhando¶
Vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa "Mhando 1 chete" vachizosarudza kugara. Sarudzo iyoyo yakarasikirwa nehupenyu. Nhamba iri nyore kurangarira uye kufananidza, saka inowana ngwariro yakawanda kupfuura inofanira.
Nekudaro, vafanotauri vazvino vanoburitsa ruzivo rwakasiyana pane kusimuka kwemvura nemvura yakawanda. Paunotarisa kufanotaura, verenga zvinhu zvitatu: mhando yemhepo, kufanotaura kwekusimuka kwehombekombe yako, nekufanotaura kwemvura yenzvimbo yako. Peji redu pane njodzi dzedutu rinofamba mune chimwe nechimwe.
Kuti mhando inogona kuchinja kudutu risati rasvika panyika¶
Mhando yedutu ndiyo mufananidzo wenguva iyoyo chete. Madutu anogona kusimba kana kuderera nekukurumidza. Vafanotauri vanodana kuti rapid intensification kana mhepo yakagara ikwira anenge 55 km/h (35 mph) mumaawa 24, izvo zvinogona kushandura Mhando 1 kuita Mhando 3 kana kupfuura muzuva rimwe chete.
Kusimba nekukurumidza kwakaoma kufanotaurwa, uye kazhinji kunoitika pedyo nehombekombe. Ndosaka chirongwa chakachengeteka kwazvo kuri kugadzirira mhando imwe kudarika yakafanotaurwa. Dutu rinogonawo kuderera dutu risati rasvika panyika uye richiri kuunza kusimuka nemvura yakafanana, saka nhamba yakaderera haisi chikonzero chekumira kugadzirira.
Tevera advisory yekupedzisira yehofisi yako yekufanotaura mamiriro ekunze yenyika, kana NHC kuAtlantic nePacific yekumabvazuva, nemirairo yevakuru venharaunda yako.