Fakamatala ki he ngaahi kalasi ʻo e afā¶
Ko e afā, taifuni mo e afā fakatropika ko e faʻahinga afā tatau pē ia, ka ʻoku kehekehe hono hingoa ʻi he ngaahi moana kehekehe. ʻOku felāveʻi ʻa e meʻa kotoa ʻi he tohi fakahinohino ni mo kinautolu kotoa.
ʻOku fua ʻe he ngaahi kalasi ʻo e afā ʻa e matangi ʻo ha afā mei he 1 ki he 5. ʻOku fakamatala ʻe he peesi ko ʻeni ʻa e meʻa ʻe lava ke fai ʻe he kalasi taki taha, founga ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e fika ʻi hoʻo palani, mo e meʻa ʻe taha ʻoku ʻikai kau ai: ko e vai, ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e mate ʻi he afā. Kapau te ke toʻo pē ha meʻa ʻe taha mei ai, toʻo ʻa ʻeni: ʻoku fua pē ʻe he kalasi ʻa e matangi.
Kapau te ke fai pē ha meʻa ʻe tolu¶
- Fili pe te ke mavahe ʻo fakatatau ki ho feituʻu ke hiki mei ai mo ho ʻapi, ʻo ʻikai ko e kalasi.
- Teuteu ki ha kalasi ʻe taha ʻoku mālohi ange ʻi he meʻa naʻe tala, he ʻe lava ke vave hono mālohi ange ʻo e ngaahi afā.
- Lau ʻa e tala ʻo e ʻuha mo e hake ʻa e tahi ki ho feituʻu ʻi he taimi kotoa pē ʻoku ke lau ai ʻa e kalasi.
Ko e Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale¶
ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻa e Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale ʻe he National Hurricane Center (NHC) ki he ʻAtalanitiki mo e Pasifiki fakahahake mo e lotomālie. ʻOku ne fua ʻa e ngaahi afā mei he 1 ki he 5 ʻo fakatatau ki honau matangi hokohoko lahi taha, ʻa ia ʻoku fua ʻe he NHC ko e lotolotonga ʻi ha miniti ʻe taha. ʻE lava ke mālohi ange ʻaupito ʻa e ngaahi angi ʻi he matangi hokohoko.
| Kalasi | Matangi hokohoko | Maumau angamaheni ʻi he matangi |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 119 ki he 153 km/h (74 ki he 95 mph) | Maumau siʻi ki he ngaahi ʻato, ngaahi lau ʻato, holisi ʻi tuʻa mo e ngaahi kotoa vai. Fesiʻi ʻa e ngaahi vaʻa lalahi pea ʻe tō nai ʻa e ngaahi ʻakau ʻoku hū hifo siʻi honau aka. Mate ʻa e ʻuhila ʻo ala aʻu ki ha ngaahi ʻaho |
| 2 | 154 ki he 177 km/h (96 ki he 110 mph) | Maumau lahi. ʻE lava ke maumau lahi ʻa e ʻato mo e holisi ʻi tuʻa ʻo e ngaahi fale naʻe langa lelei. Tō ha ngaahi ʻakau lahi pea poloka ai ʻa e ngaahi hala. Meimei mate kakato ʻa e ʻuhila ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho ki ha ngaahi uike |
| 3 (lahi) | 178 ki he 208 km/h (111 ki he 129 mph) | Maumau fakaʻauha. ʻE mole nai mei he ngaahi fale naʻe langa lelei ʻa e ngaahi papa ʻato mo e ngaahi muʻa ʻato. Fesiʻi pe taʻaki hake ha ngaahi ʻakau lahi. Mate ʻa e ʻuhila mo e vai ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho ki ha ngaahi uike |
| 4 (lahi) | 209 ki he 251 km/h (130 ki he 156 mph) | Maumau fakamamahi ʻaupito. ʻE lava ke mole mei he ngaahi fale naʻe langa lelei ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e ʻato mo e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi holisi ʻi tuʻa. Tō ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻakau mo e ngaahi pou ʻuhila. ʻE ʻikai lava nai ke nofoʻi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ʻi ha ngaahi uike pe māhina |
| 5 (lahi) | 252 km/h (157 mph) pe lahi ange | Maumau fakamamahi ʻaupito. ʻAuha ha konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi fale naʻe langa ʻaki ʻa e ʻakau. Fakamavaheʻi ʻe he ngaahi ʻakau mo e pou ʻuhila kuo tō ʻa e ngaahi kolo. ʻE ʻikai lava nai ke nofoʻi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ʻi ha ngaahi uike pe māhina |
ʻOku ui ʻa e Kalasi 3, 4 mo e 5 ko e ngaahi afā lalahi (major hurricanes). ʻOku fekauʻaki ʻa e hingoa ko ia mo e maumau ʻi he matangi. ʻOku ʻikai ʻuhinga ia ʻoku malu ha Kalasi 1 pe 2, pea ʻoku pehē ʻe he NHC ʻoku fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa e ngaahi afā kotoa.
Ko e hā ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo e kalasi taki taha kiate koe¶
Ngāueʻaki ʻa e kalasi ke palani ki he maumau ʻi he matangi mo e fuoloa ʻe taʻe ngāue nai ai ʻa e ngaahi sēvesi. Ngāueʻaki ho feituʻu ke hiki mei ai mo e faʻahinga fale ʻokú ke nofo ai ke fili pe te ke mavahe.
Kalasi 1. ʻOku puna ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai haʻi pea ʻoku hae ʻa e ngaahi lau ʻato. ʻE lava ke tō ʻa e ngaahi ʻakau ʻoku hū hifo siʻi honau aka ki he ngaahi kā, ʻapi mo e uaea ʻuhila. Palani ki he mate ʻa e ʻuhila ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho, pea maʻu ha vai mo e meʻakai ki ha taimi ʻoku lōloa tatau ki ʻolunga.
Kalasi 2. ʻOku maumau lahi ʻa e ngaahi ʻato mo e holisi ʻi tuʻa, pea ʻoku tō ha ngaahi ʻakau lahi ʻo lava ke nofo poloka ai ʻa e ngaahi hala. ʻAmanekina ʻe mate ʻa e ʻuhila ʻi he meimei feituʻu kotoa ʻi he hala ʻo e afā pea ʻe mate ʻi ha uike ʻe taha pe lahi ange ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu. Ko e ngaahi langa maʻamaʻa, ngaahi fale tukuʻanga meʻa mo e ngaahi fale feʻaveʻaki motuʻa ʻoku lahi honau fakatuʻutāmaki.
Kalasi 3. ʻOku kamata ke mole ha konga ʻo e ʻato ʻo e ngaahi fale naʻe langa lelei. ʻE lava ke mate ʻa e vai mo e ʻuhila ʻi ha ngaahi uike, ʻa ia ʻoku faingataʻa ʻaupito ai ʻa e nofo ʻi ʻapi ki he pēpē, kakai taʻumotuʻa mo ha taha ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻa e ʻuhila ki ha tokanga fakafaitoʻo. ʻOku ui ʻe ha ngaahi feituʻu lahi ke hiki lahi ʻi he tuʻunga ko ʻeni, ka ʻe tala nai ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku hake ki ai ʻa e tahi ke mavahe ʻi ha ngaahi afā vaivai ange ʻaupito.
Kalasi 4. ʻE lava ʻe he matangi ʻo toʻo ʻa e ʻato ʻo ha fale pea holoki ʻa e ngaahi holisi ʻi tuʻa. ʻOku tō ʻa e meimei ʻakau kotoa mo ha ngaahi pou ʻuhila lahi. ʻE lava ke motuhi ʻa e ngaahi kolo, pea ʻoku māhina lahi hono monomono.
Kalasi 5. ʻOku ʻauha ha konga lahi ʻo e ngaahi fale naʻe langa ʻaki ʻa e ʻakau. ʻOku siʻi ʻa e ngaahi fale tukukehe ʻa e ngaahi fale sima kuo fakamālohia ʻoku tuʻu lelei. ʻOku māhina pe taʻu lahi ʻa e fakaakeake.
Ngaahi fale feʻaveʻaki mo e ngaahi langa maʻamaʻa
ʻE lava ke maumau lahi pe ʻauha ʻi he matangi ʻo e afā ha fale feʻaveʻaki, kalavani, pe ha fale ʻakau maʻamaʻa pe fale kapa, neongo ʻi ha Kalasi 1. Kapau ʻokú ke nofo ʻi ha taha, palani ke mavahe ʻi ha afā pē. Vakai ki heʻemau peesi ki he ngaahi fale feʻaveʻaki.
Māʻulalo fakatropika mo e matangi mālohi fakatropika¶
ʻOku ʻikai ko ha afā ʻa e matangi fakatropika kotoa pē. ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻe he NHC ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni matangi tatau ke fakamavaheʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga vaivai ange.
| Tuʻunga | Matangi hokohoko |
|---|---|
| Māʻulalo fakatropika (tropical depression) | 62 km/h (38 mph) pe siʻi ange |
| Matangi mālohi fakatropika (tropical storm) | 63 ki he 118 km/h (39 ki he 73 mph) |
| Afā (hurricane) | 119 km/h (74 mph) pe lahi ange |
Ko ha māʻulalo fakatropika ko ha matangi kuo fokotuʻutuʻu lelei mo ha takatakai tāpuni ka ʻoku vaivai ange hono matangi. Ko ha matangi mālohi fakatropika ʻoku feʻunga hono mālohi ke maʻu ha hingoa. ʻI he taimi ʻoku aʻu ai ʻa e matangi ki he 119 km/h (74 mph), ʻoku hoko ia ko ha afā.
ʻOku totonu ke fakaʻapaʻapaʻi ʻa e ngaahi matangi mālohi fakatropika. ʻOku tāmateʻi ʻe honau matangi ʻa e ʻuhila pea holoki ʻa e ngaahi ʻakau. ʻE lava foki ʻe ha matangi mālohi fakatropika pe māʻulalo ʻoku ʻalu māmālie ʻo ʻomai ha ʻuha lahi ʻaupito pea fakatupu ha lōmaki fakatupu mate ʻi ha feituʻu mamaʻo mei he matātahi.
ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻe he ngaahi fonua kehe ha ngaahi sikeili kehe¶
ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻa e sikeili Saffir-Simpson ʻi he ʻAtalanitiki mo e Pasifiki fakahahake mo e lotomālie. ʻOku fua ʻe he ngaahi feituʻu kehe ʻa e ngaahi afā ʻi heʻenau founga pē ʻanautolu, pea ʻoku ʻikai tatau ʻa e ngaahi fika.
| Feituʻu | Sikeili pe ngaahi hingoa | Ko e hā ke ʻilo |
|---|---|---|
| ʻAositelēlia mo e Pasifiki Tonga | Kalasi 1 ki he 5 | Fakatatau ki he ngaahi angi mālohi taha angamaheni, ʻo ʻikai ko e matangi hokohoko. ʻOku kamata ʻa e Kalasi 3 ʻa ʻAositelēlia ʻi he ngaahi angi ʻo e 165 km/h (103 mph) |
| Filipaini (PAGASA) | Tropical depression, tropical storm, severe tropical storm, typhoon, super typhoon | ʻOku kamata ʻa e super typhoon ʻi he 185 km/h (115 mph) |
| Siapani (JMA) | Taifuni, pea mālohi, mālohi ʻaupito, fakamamahi | ʻOku ui ko e taifuni ha afā kotoa pē ʻo e 63 km/h (39 mph) nai pe lahi ange |
| ʻInitia mo e Moana ʻInitia tokelau (IMD) | Mei he depression ki he super cyclonic storm | ʻOku kamata ʻa e cyclonic storm ʻi he 62 km/h (39 mph). ʻOku kamata ʻa e super cyclonic storm ʻi he 222 km/h (138 mph) |
| Moana ʻInitia tonga hihifo (Météo-France) | Mei he moderate tropical storm ki he very intense tropical cyclone | Ko e very intense tropical cyclone ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ki he lahi ange ʻi he 212 km/h (132 mph) |
Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi potungāue ʻi tuʻa ʻi ʻAmelika ʻoku nau fua ʻa e matangi hokohoko ʻi ha miniti ʻe 10, pea ʻInitia ʻi ha miniti ʻe 3. Ko ha lotolotonga ʻoku lōloa ange ʻoku ʻomai ai ha fika siʻi ange, ko ia ʻe lava ke hā vaivai ange ʻa e afā tatau ʻi ha sikeili ʻe taha ʻi ha sikeili kehe. Naʻa mo e lea "super typhoon" ʻoku kehekehe: ʻoku ngāueʻaki ia ʻe PAGASA mei he 185 km/h (115 mph), ka ʻoku ngāueʻaki pē ia ʻe he kau tala ʻea ʻAmelika ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 241 km/h (150 mph).
Ngāueʻaki ʻa e sikeili ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻe hoʻo potungāue ʻea fakafonua, pea ʻoua ʻe fakahoa ʻa e ngaahi fika ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi fonua. ʻOku ʻi heʻemau peesi ki he taifuni, saikolone mo e afā ʻi he māmani ʻa e ngaahi tēpile kakato.
ʻOku fua pē ʻe he kalasi ʻa e matangi¶
ʻOku fua ʻe he sikeili kotoa ko ʻeni ʻa e matangi. ʻOku ʻikai ha taha ʻo kinautolu ʻoku ne tala atu ki he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki kehe ʻoku ʻomai ʻe ha afā.
- Hake ʻa e tahi ʻi he afā ʻoku fakatuʻunga ʻi he lahi ʻo e afā, vave ʻo ʻene ʻalu ki muʻa, ʻangikala ʻoku ne taaʻi ai ʻa e matātahi, mo e fōtunga ʻo e takele tahi ofi ki he matātahi. ʻE lava ʻe ha afā lahi kae vaivai ange ʻo tekeʻi ha vai lahi ange ʻi ha afā siʻi kae mālohi ange.
- ʻUha ʻoku fakatuʻunga lahi ʻi he māmālie ʻo e ʻalu ʻa e afā mo e lahi ʻo e huhuʻa ʻoku ne fua. ʻE lava ʻe ha matangi mālohi fakatropika ʻoku tuʻu ʻi ha feituʻu ʻe taha ʻo fakatupu ha lōmaki kovi ange ʻi ha Kalasi 4 vave.
- Lahi ʻoku kehekehe. ʻE lava ke kehekehe ʻaupito ʻa e feituʻu matangi ʻo ha afā ʻe ua ʻoku kalasi tatau, pea ko e lahi ange ʻoku faʻa uesia ai ha kakai tokolahi ange.
- Ahiohio, ʻau toho ki tahi mo e holo ʻa e kelekele ʻoku ʻikai ko ha konga ia ʻo e kalasi.
ʻOku tāmateʻi ʻe he vai ha kakai tokolahi ange ʻi he matangi
ʻI ʻAmelika, ko e vai ʻoku ne fakatupu ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e mate ʻi he afā. Mei he 2013 ki he 2022, naʻe fakatupu ʻe he lōmaki mei he ʻuha ʻa e laka hake ʻi he vaeua ʻo e mate hangatonu ʻi he afā ʻi ʻAmelika, pea naʻe fakatupu ʻe he hake ʻa e tahi ʻi he afā, peau mo e ʻau toho ki tahi ha mate lahi ange. Kuo mate ha kakai ʻi he ngaahi afā Kalasi 1 mo e ngaahi matangi mālohi fakatropika. Kapau ʻe tala atu ʻe he kau ʻōfisa ke ke mavahe mei ha feituʻu ʻoku hake ki ai ʻa e tahi pe lōmaki, mavahe, neongo pe ko e hā ʻa e kalasi.
ʻUhinga ʻoku fehālaaki ai ʻa e kakai ʻi he kalasi¶
ʻOku fanongo ha kakai tokolahi ki he "ko ha Kalasi 1 pē" pea fili ke nofo. Kuo mole ai ha ngaahi moʻui. ʻOku faingofua ke manatuʻi mo fakahoa ʻa e fika, ko ia ʻoku tokangaʻi lahi ange ia ʻi he totonu.
Koeʻuhi ko ia, ʻoku ʻoatu he taimi ni ʻe he kau tala ʻea ha fakamatala kehe ki he hake ʻa e tahi mo e ʻuha lahi. ʻI hoʻo vakai ki ha tala ʻea, lau ha meʻa ʻe tolu: ko e kalasi matangi, ko e tala ʻo e hake ʻa e tahi ki ho matātahi, mo e tala ʻo e ʻuha ki ho feituʻu. ʻOku fakamatala ʻe heʻemau peesi ki he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e afā ʻa e taki taha.
Founga ʻe lava ke liliu ai ʻa e kalasi kimuʻa pea aʻu ki he fonua¶
Ko e kalasi ʻo ha afā ko ha fakatātā pē ʻo ha taimi ʻe taha. ʻE lava ke vave hono mālohi ange pe vaivai ange ʻo e ngaahi afā. ʻOku ui ʻe he kau tala ʻea ko e rapid intensification ʻi he taimi ʻoku hiki hake ai ʻa e matangi hokohoko ʻaki ha 55 km/h (35 mph) ki ʻolunga ʻi he houa ʻe 24, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke liliu ai ha Kalasi 1 ki ha Kalasi 3 pe mālohi ange ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe taha.
ʻOku faingataʻa ke tala ʻa e mālohi vave ange, pea ʻoku faʻa hoko ia ʻi he ofi ki he matātahi. Ko ia ai ko e palani malu taha ko e teuteu ki ha kalasi ʻe taha ʻoku māʻolunga ange ʻi he meʻa naʻe tala. ʻE lava foki ke vaivai ha afā kimuʻa pea aʻu ki he fonua kae kei ʻomai pē ʻa e hake ʻa e tahi mo e ʻuha tatau, ko ia ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ʻuhinga ha fika siʻi ange ke taʻofi ai hoʻo teuteu.
Muimui ki he fanongonongo fakamuimui taha mei hoʻo potungāue ʻea fakafonua, pe ko e NHC ʻi he ʻAtalanitiki mo e Pasifiki fakahahake, mo e ngaahi fakahinohino ʻa hoʻo kau ʻōfisa fakalotofonua.