Malu ʻa e meʻakai mo e vai hili ha afā¶
Ko e afā, taifuni mo e afā fakatropika ko e faʻahinga afā tatau pē ia, ka ʻoku kehekehe hono hingoa ʻi he ngaahi moana kehekehe. ʻOku felāveʻi ʻa e meʻa kotoa ʻi he tohi fakahinohino ni mo kinautolu kotoa.
ʻOku puke ha kakai tokolahi hili ha ngaahi afā, taifuni mo e saikolone koeʻuhi ko e meʻakai kuo ʻauha mo e vai ʻoku ʻikai malu, pea ʻe lava ke taʻofi ʻa e lahi taha ʻo ia. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e peesi ko ʻeni ki he malu ʻa e meʻakai mo e vai hili ha afā: ko e hā ke tauhi, ko e hā ke lī, mo e founga totonu ke ngaohi ke malu ʻa e vai ke inu.
Kapau te ke fai pē ha meʻa ʻe tolu¶
- Tāpuni maʻu pē ʻa e pusaʻaisi mo e fakaʻaisi. ʻOku ʻikai malu ʻa e meʻakai ʻi he pusaʻaisi hili ha houa nai ʻe 4 ʻo ʻikai ha ʻuhila, tukukehe kapau naʻe nofo momoko ʻi he ʻaisi.
- Lī ʻa e meʻakai kotoa pē naʻe ala ki ai ʻa e vai lōmaki, pea ʻoua naʻa ke teitei ʻahiʻahi kai ha meʻakai ke siviʻi. Kapau ʻoku ke veiveiua, lī ia.
- Kae ʻoua ke pehē ʻe he kau ʻōfisa ʻoku malu ʻa e vai paipa, inu ʻa e vai ʻi he hina, pe haka ʻa e vai ke lili lahi ʻi ha miniti ʻe 1 (miniti ʻe 3 ʻi ʻolunga ʻi ha mita nai ʻe 1,000, fute ʻe 3,300).
Ngaohi ke malu ʻa e vai ke inu¶
Hili ha afā, fakakaukau ʻoku ʻikai malu ʻa e vai paipa, vai vaikeli, tangikē vai ʻuha mo e ngaahi tangikē fakavaitupu kae ʻoua ke pehē kehe ʻe hoʻo kautaha vai pe kau ʻōfisa fakalotofonua. ʻOku tekeʻi ʻe he lōmaki ʻa e ʻuli mei he falemālōlō, ʻuli ʻo e fanga monumanu mo e ngaahi kemikale ki he vai, pea ʻe lava ke hā maʻa ʻaupito ʻa e vai.
Ko e fē vai ke ʻuluaki ngāueʻaki¶
| Feituʻu ʻo e vai | Malu ke inu? |
|---|---|
| Vai ʻi he hina kuo silaʻi | ʻIo. ʻUluaki ngāueʻaki ia |
| Vai naʻa ke tauhi ʻi he ngaahi ipu maʻa kimuʻa ʻi he afā | ʻIo, kapau naʻe nofo tāpuni mo maʻa ʻa e ngaahi ipu |
| Tangikē ʻo e misini fakamāfana vai, kapau naʻe ʻikai lōmaki | ʻIo, kapau naʻe ʻikai lōmaki ʻa e tangikē. Tāmateʻi ʻa e ʻuhila pe kasa pea tuku ke momoko kimuʻa |
| Vai paipa ʻi ha fanongonongo ke haka ʻa e vai | Hili pē haka pe fakamaʻa |
| Vaikeli, tangikē fakavaitupu pe tangikē vai ʻuha | Hili pē haka pe fakamaʻa, pea siviʻi ʻa e vaikeli kimuʻa pea ke inu mei ai ki ha taimi lōloa |
| Vai lōmaki, vaitafe, pūlu kaukau pe vai tuʻu | ʻIkai. ʻOua ʻe ngāueʻaki ia ki he inu, feimeʻatokoni, fō peleti pe tafitafi nifo |
Haka ʻa e vai: ko e founga lelei taha¶
- Kapau ʻoku ʻuli pe ʻikai maʻa (cloudy) ʻa e vai, tuku ke nofo hifo ʻa e ʻuli pea lingi ʻa e vai maʻa ʻi ʻolunga, pe sivi ia ʻaki ha tupenu maʻa, pepa holoholo pe sivi kofi.
- Haka ke lili lahi pea tuku ke lili pehē ʻi ha miniti ʻe 1.
- ʻI ʻolunga ʻi ha mita nai ʻe 1,000 (fute ʻe 3,300), haka ʻi ha miniti ʻe 3.
- Tuku ke momoko, pea tauhi ʻi ha ngaahi ipu maʻa mo hono tāpuni maʻu.
- Ke fakalelei ʻa e ifo taʻeifo, lingi fetongi ia ʻi ha ipu maʻa ʻe ua, pe tānaki ha kiʻi māsima siʻi ki he lita taki taha (kuata ʻe 1).
Fakamaʻa ʻaki ʻa e pilisi (bleach) ʻo kapau ʻe ʻikai lava ke haka¶
Ngāueʻaki ʻa e pilisi angamaheni ʻo e ʻapi ʻoku ʻikai hano nanamu, naʻe tauhi ʻi he māfana ʻo e loki ki ha taimi siʻi hifo ʻi ha taʻu ʻe taha. Kapau ʻoku ʻi he lēpolo ha fakahinohino ki he vai inu, muimui ki ai; kapau ʻoku ʻikai, kumi ʻa e peseti ʻo e sodium hypochlorite ʻi lalo ʻi he "active ingredient". ʻOua ʻe ngāueʻaki ha pilisi ʻoku nanamu, ʻoku malu ki he lanu, pe ʻoku ʻikai pīʻi (splashless), pe pilisi kuo tānaki ki ai ha meʻa fakamaʻa kehe.
| Lahi ʻo e vai maʻa | Pilisi peseti ʻe 5 ki he 9 | Pilisi peseti ʻe 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Lita ʻe 1 (kuata ʻe 1) | Tulutā ʻe 2 (mL ʻe 0.1) | Tulutā ʻe 10 (mL ʻe 0.5) |
| Lita ʻe 4 (kālani ʻe 1) | Tulutā ʻe 8 (mL ʻe 0.5), siʻi siʻisiʻi hifo ʻi he ⅛ sēpuni tī | Tulutā ʻe 40 (mL ʻe 2.5), ½ sēpuni tī |
| Lita ʻe 19 (kālani ʻe 5) | Tulutā ʻe 40 (mL ʻe 2.5), ½ sēpuni tī | Tulutā ʻe 200 (mL ʻe 12.5), sēpuni tī ʻe 2 ½ |
Kapau ʻoku kehe hono mālohi ʻo hoʻo pilisi, ʻoku ʻikai ke fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e tēpile ni. Muimui ki he lēpolo pe ki hoʻo potungāue moʻui fakafonua. ʻOku lahi ange e fakamatala ki he pilisi, ngaahi tapuleti mo e ngaahi sivi ʻi homau fakahinohino ki he vai.
- Kapau ʻoku ʻuli pe ʻikai maʻa ʻa e vai, ʻuluaki sivi pe tuku ke nofo hifo.
- Tānaki ʻa e pilisi. Liunga ua ʻa e lahi kapau ʻoku ʻuli pe ʻikai maʻa ʻa e vai, ʻoku ʻi ai hano lanu, pe ʻoku momoko ʻaupito.
- Vilo pea tatali ʻi ha miniti ʻe 30 ki ʻolunga kimuʻa pea inu.
- ʻE nanamu siʻi ia ʻo e kolōlini. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai, tānaki ʻa e lahi tatau ʻo e pilisi pea toe tatali ʻi ha miniti ʻe 15.
ʻOku ngāue foki mo e ngaahi tapuleti mo e tulutā fakamaʻa vai. Muimui ki he puha, he ʻoku fakamaʻa ʻe he koloa taki taha ha lahi kehekehe ʻo e vai. ʻOku ʻikai feʻunga ʻa e ngaahi koloa ʻaiotini (iodine) ki he kakai feitama, kakai ʻoku palopalema honau thyroid, pe ki ha ngāueʻaki ʻi ha taimi lōloa.
ʻOku ʻikai toʻo ʻe he haka mo e pilisi ʻa e lolo pe ngaahi kemikale
Kapau ʻoku nanamu ʻa e vai ʻo e lolo pe kemikale, pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha lolo ʻi hono funga, ʻoua ʻe inu pe ngāueʻaki ki he feimeʻatokoni, neongo hili hono haka. Ngāueʻaki ʻa e vai ʻi he hina pea kole fale ki hoʻo potungāue moʻui fakalotofonua.
Ngaahi fanongonongo ke haka ʻa e vai¶
Ko ha fanongonongo ke haka ʻa e vai mei hoʻo kautaha vai ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ʻe lava ke ʻi he vai paipa ha siemu. ʻOku kau ai ʻa e vai ki he:
- Inu, mo hono ngaohi ʻo e ngaahi inu, ʻaisi mo e huʻakau pēpē
- Feimeʻatokoni mo hono fō ʻo e meʻakai
- Tafitafi nifo
- Fō peleti, tukukehe kapau te ke fakamaʻa kinautolu ʻi ha vai naʻe haka pe fakamaʻa
ʻOku faʻa lava pē ke ke kaukau, ka ʻoua naʻa hū ha vai ki ho ngutu, pea kaukauʻi ʻa e pēpē mo e fānau īkiʻi ʻaki ha tupenu fufulu. Lī ʻa e ʻaisi naʻe ngaohi hili hono kamata ʻo e fanongonongo. Hokohoko atu hono muimui ki he fanongonongo kae ʻoua ke toʻo ia ʻe he kau ʻōfisa, pea muimui leva ki he fale ʻa hoʻo kautaha vai ki hono fakatafe ʻo hoʻo ngaahi paipa.
Ko e fuoloa fēfē ʻoku malu ai ʻa e meʻakai ʻo ʻikai ha ʻuhila¶
ʻOku kamata ʻa e taimi ʻi he taimi ʻoku mate ai ʻa e ʻuhila. Tohi hifo ʻa e taimi koeʻuhi ke ʻoua te ke toe mateʻi ki mui.
| Feituʻu ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e meʻakai | Malu ki ha taimi nai ʻo e | Meʻa ʻoku tokoni |
|---|---|---|
| Pusaʻaisi, tāpuni ʻa e matapā | Houa ʻe 4 | Tauhi tāpuni ʻa e matapā |
| Fakaʻaisi kuo fonu, tāpuni ʻa e matapā | Houa ʻe 48 | Tauhi tāpuni ʻa e matapā, fokotuʻu ofi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa |
| Fakaʻaisi vaeua pē hono fonu, tāpuni ʻa e matapā | Houa ʻe 24 | Fakataha ʻa e ngaahi meʻa koeʻuhi ke nofo momoko |
| Puha ʻaisi mo e ʻaisi | ʻI he lolotonga ʻoku nofo ʻa e meʻakai ʻi he 4°C (40°F) pe momoko ange | Malu, ha kafu ʻi ʻolunga, mo e siʻi hono fakaava |
Ko ha mita fua māfana ʻi he pusaʻaisi mo e fakaʻaisi ʻoku ʻikai ke ke toe mateʻi ai. Ko e māfana malu ko e 4°C (40°F) pe momoko ange ʻi he pusaʻaisi mo e -18°C (0°F) pe momoko ange ʻi he fakaʻaisi.
Meʻakai ʻi he pusaʻaisi: tauhi pe lī¶
Lī ʻa e meʻakai ʻoku vave ʻauha kuo ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 4°C (40°F) ʻi ha houa ʻe 2 pe lahi ange, pe ʻoku kehe hono nanamu, hono hā pe hono ongo. ʻE lava ke ʻi he meʻakai ha siemu ʻoku fakatupu puke ka ʻoku kei hā mo nanamu lelei pē.
| Lī hili ha houa ʻe 2 ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 4°C (40°F) | ʻOku faʻa tolonga |
|---|---|
| Kakano, moa, ika mo e meʻakai mei tahi, mata pe moho | Sisi fefeka mo e sisi kuo ngaohi |
| Huʻakau, kilimi, ioketi mo e sisi molū | Pota mo e makalini |
| Fuaʻimoa mo e meʻakai fuaʻimoa | Fuaʻiʻakau foʻi kakato taʻeʻuhu mo e vesitapolo mata |
| Laisi, pasita, piini moho mo e toenga meʻakai | Pīnati pota, siamu mo e sele |
| Fuaʻiʻakau kuo ʻuhu mo e vesitapolo kuo ʻuhu, salati | Kesapi, masitati, soi sosi mo e ngaahi sosi vinika |
| Meionisi, ngaahi sosi kilimi mo e ngaahi sosi | Mā, kiʻi mā mo e keke ʻoku ʻikai ha kilimi ʻi loto |
| Huʻakau pēpē kuo fakaava | Rūsi fuaʻiʻakau |
ʻOua naʻa ke teitei ʻahiʻahi kai ha meʻakai ke siviʻi
Ko ha kiʻi ʻahiʻahi pē ʻe taha ʻo ha meʻakai kuo ʻauha ʻe lava ke ke puke ai ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho, ʻi ha taimi ʻe tāpuni nai ai ʻa e ngaahi kiliniki pea poloka ʻa e ngaahi hala. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke fakapapau naʻe nofo momoko, lī ia.
Meʻakai ʻi he fakaʻaisi¶
ʻI he taimi ʻoku foki mai ai ʻa e ʻuhila, siviʻi ʻa e meʻa taki taha. Ko e meʻakai ʻoku kei ʻi ai ha kiʻi ʻaisi, pe ʻoku ʻi he 4°C (40°F) pe momoko ange, ʻe lava ke toe fakaʻaisiʻi pe feimeʻatokoniʻi. ʻE holo siʻi nai hono lelei, ka ʻoku malu.
Lī ʻa e meʻakai naʻe fakaʻaisiʻi kuo vai pea nofo ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he 4°C (40°F) ʻi ha houa ʻe 2 ʻo lahi ange. Kapau ʻoku ʻikai ke ke ʻiloʻi, lī ia.
Kapau ʻoku ke ʻiloʻi ʻoku haʻu ha afā, fakafonu ʻa e feituʻu ʻatā ʻi he fakaʻaisi ʻaki ha ngaahi ipu vai. ʻOku tauhi ʻe he ʻaisi ke momoko ange ʻa e meʻakai ki ha taimi lōloa ange pea hoko ko e vai inu ʻi heʻene vai.
Meʻakai naʻe ala ki ai ʻa e vai lōmaki¶
ʻOku ʻi he vai lōmaki ʻa e ʻuli mei he falemālōlō, lolo mo e ngaahi kemikale. Lī ʻa e meʻakai kotoa pē naʻe ala ki ai, mo ha meʻakai ʻi ha kofukofu ʻoku ʻikai taʻofi kakato ʻa e vai:
- Fuaʻiʻakau mo e vesitapolo foʻou mei ha ngoue pe ʻapi tukuʻuta naʻe lōmaki
- Meʻakai ʻi he puha pepa, pepa, kato palasitika pe puha, kau ai ʻa e sīlio, mahoaʻa, puha inu fuaʻiʻakau mo e puha huʻakau pēpē
- Ngaahi hina mo e foʻi hina ʻoku tāpuni ʻaki ha tāpuni filo, tāpuni lomi, tāpuni fakapelupelu pe tāpuni vilo, kau ai ʻa e meʻakai naʻe fakahina ʻi ʻapi
- Ngaahi kapa ʻoku mafulu, fufula, kelea, mavae pe kuo fakaava
Ko e ngaahi kapa ukamea kuo silaʻi mo ʻikai maumau mo e ngaahi kato fakatāpuni (retort pouches), hangē ko ia ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki he ika tuna mo e meʻakai kuo ʻosi teuteu, ʻe lava ke fakahaofi kapau te ke fakamaʻa kinautolu.
Founga ke fakamaʻa ʻa e ngaahi kapa mo e kato¶
- Toʻo ʻa e ngaahi lēpolo, pea tohi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ʻi loto mo e ʻaho ke ngāueʻaki kimuʻa ai ʻi he kapa ʻaki ha peni maaka.
- Holoholo ʻa e pelepela mo e ʻuli, pea fō ʻaki ʻa e koa mo e vai maʻa pea tuʻuluʻi.
- Fakamaʻa ʻi ha founga ʻe ua: fakaū ʻi ha miniti ʻe 15 ʻi ha fio ʻo e ipu ʻe 1 (mL nai ʻe 250) ʻo e pilisi taʻenanamu ʻi he kālani ʻe 5 (lita nai ʻe 19) ʻo e vai maʻa, pe haka ʻa e ngaahi kapa ʻi ha vai maʻa ʻi ha miniti ʻe 2.
- Tuku ke mōmoa ʻi he ʻea, pea ngāueʻaki vave taha te ke lava.
Ngaahi meʻa ʻo e peitō¶
Lī ʻa e ngaahi papa tuʻusi ʻakau, sēpuni ʻakau, meʻa kai palasitika, ngutu hina huʻakau pēpē mo e ngaahi meʻa mumuʻi pēpē naʻe ala ki ai ʻa e vai lōmaki, he ʻoku ʻikai lava ke fakamaʻa kakato kinautolu.
Fō ʻa e ngaahi kulo ukamea, peleti kelekele mo e meʻa kai ukamea ʻaki ʻa e koa mo e vai māfana, pea fakamaʻa kinautolu ʻaki hono haka ʻi ha vai maʻa pe fakaū ʻi ha miniti ʻe 15 ʻi he fio pilisi tatau naʻe ngāueʻaki ki he ngaahi kapa. Tuku ke mōmoa ʻi he ʻea.
Feimeʻatokoni malu ʻo ʻikai ha ʻuhila¶
- Feimeʻatokoni pē ʻi tuʻa, mamaʻo lelei mei he fale, ʻo ʻoua ʻaupito ʻi ha fale kā, ʻi ha veranita tāpuni pe ʻi lalo ʻi ha malu kā.
- Fakamoho kakato ʻa e kakano, moa mo e ika.
- Kai leva ʻa e meʻakai moho, pea ʻoua ʻe tauhi ha toenga meʻakai ʻo ʻikai ha feituʻu momoko.
- Ngāueʻaki ʻa e vai ʻi he hina pe vai haka ki he feimeʻatokoni mo hono fō ʻo e fuaʻiʻakau mo e vesitapolo.
- Tauhi ʻa e kakano mata ke mamaʻo mei he meʻakai ʻe ʻikai feimeʻatokoniʻi.
ʻOku ngaohi ʻe he ngaahi meʻa tunu mo e sitou ʻapitanga ʻa e kāponi monokisaiti, ʻa ia ʻoku tāmateʻi ʻi ha ngaahi miniti siʻi ʻi loto fale. Vakai ki he malu ʻo e misini ʻuhila mo e kāponi monokisaiti.
Fafanga ʻo e pēpē¶
ʻOku vave ange hono puke ʻo e pēpē ʻi he vai taʻemalu ʻi he kakai lalahi.
- Kapau ʻoku ke fakahuhu, hokohoko atu pē. Ko e meʻakai malu taha ia ki hoʻo pēpē hili ha afā, pea ko e pēpē ʻi lalo ʻi he māhina ʻe 6 ʻoku fakahuhu ʻoku ʻikai fiemaʻu ha vai tānaki.
- Ko e huʻakau pēpē vai kuo ʻosi teuteu ke inu (ready to feed) ʻoku ʻikai fiemaʻu ha vai pea ko e fili malu taha ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻikai malu ai ʻa e vai.
- Fio ʻa e huʻakau pēpē mahoaʻa ʻaki pē ʻa e vai ʻi he hina, pe vai naʻe haka pea momoko.
- Fō ʻa e ngaahi hina mo e ngutu hina ʻi he vai ʻi he hina pe vai haka, pe ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi hina ʻoku lī hili hono ngāueʻaki.
- Ngāueʻaki ʻa e huʻakau pēpē kuo fio ʻi loto ʻi ha houa ʻe 2, pea lī ʻa e toenga ʻoku ʻikai ʻosiʻi ʻe he pēpē.
Vakai ki he pēpē mo e fānau ki ha lisi ʻo e ngaahi naunau.
Fanofano nima¶
ʻOku mafola ʻa e ngaahi mahaki kete lahi hili ha afā ʻi he nima. Fanofano ʻaki ʻa e koa mo e vai malu ʻi ha sekoni ʻe 20 ki ʻolunga kimuʻa pea kai pe feimeʻatokoni, hili hoʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e falemālōlō, hili hono fetongi ʻo e naʻapi, pea hili hoʻo ala ki he vai lōmaki pe ngaahi veve.
Kapau ʻoku siʻi ʻa e vai, fokotuʻu ha feituʻu fanofano nima mo ha ipu vai kuo fakamaʻa ʻoku ʻi ai hano paipa, ha pesini ke tali ʻa e vai, mo e koa. ʻOku ngāue ʻa e meʻa fakamaʻa nima ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ʻolokahola peseti ʻe 60 ki ʻolunga ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻikai hā ʻuli ai ʻa e nima.
Ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e puke mei he meʻakai pe vai¶
ʻE lava ke kamata ʻa e fakalele, lua, mamahi kete mo e mofi ʻi ha ngaahi houa siʻi pe ngaahi ʻaho siʻi hili hono kai pe inu ha meʻa taʻemalu. Ko e fakatuʻutāmaki lahi taha ko e mole lahi ʻa e vai ʻi he sino.
- Inu siʻisiʻi maʻu pē ʻa e vai malu pe māsima inu fakafoki vai (ORS).
- ʻAve leva ki he tokoni fakafaitoʻo ʻa e pēpē, fānau īkiʻi, kakai taʻumotuʻa, pe ha taha ʻoku feitama pe ʻoku ʻi ai hano mahaki fuoloa.
- ʻAve ki he tokoni fakafaitoʻo ha taha ʻoku ʻi ai ha toto ʻi hono taʻe, mofi lahi, ʻikai mimi ʻi ha ngaahi houa lahi, pe ʻoku ʻikai lava ke tauhi ʻa e inu ʻi hono kete.
ʻOku fakamatala ʻa ʻemau peesi ki he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ki he moʻui hili ha afā ki he ngaahi mahaki kehe ʻoku hoko hili ha lōmaki.