Chitetezo cha chakudya ndi madzi pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho¶

Chakudya chowonongeka ndi madzi osatetezeka zimadwalitsa anthu ambiri pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho, taifuni, ndi saikiloni, ndipo matenda ambiri amenewo amatha kupewedwa. Tsamba ili likukuthandizani kusankha chakudya choti musunge ndi chotaya, kudzitsitsa madzi kuti akhale otetezeka pakumwa pampopo sipali otetezeka, ndi kudyetsa makanda ndi ana aang'ono mosatetezeka pamene mautumiki alibe magetsi.

Ngati muchita zinthu zitatu zokha¶

1. Sungani firiji ndi firiza zotsekedwa. Chakudya cha mu firiji sichitetezeka pambuyo pa maola pafupifupi 4 popanda magetsi pokhapokha chinakhalabe chouzira ndi ayezi.
2. Tayani chakudya chilichonse chomwe chinakhudza madzi osefukira, ndipo musayese chakudya kuti muyeze. Mukakayikira, tayani.
3. Mpaka akuluakulu anena kuti madzi a pampopo ndi otetezeka, mwerani madzi obotolo, kapena mufwatsitse madzi kwa mphindi 1 pa kufwatsa kolimba (mphindi 3 pamwamba pa mamita 1,000, futi 3,300).

Pangani madzi otetezeka kumwa¶

Mphepo itatha, ganizirani kuti madzi a pampopo, madzi a chitsime, matangi a madzi a mvula, ndi zisimba ndi zosatetezeka mpaka kampani yanu ya madzi kapena akuluakulu a zaumoyo a m'deralo anena mosiyana. Mafuriko amakankhira ndowe, zinyalala za nyama, ndi mankhwala mu magwero a madzi, ndipo madzi angawoneke oyera kwenikweni. Pamene kuthamanga kwa madzi kukutsika, monga kungachitike pa kuzimika kwa magetsi kapena kuswa kwa paipi yaikulu, madzi akunja angathe kulowa mu mapaipi kudzera pa ming'alu ndi kulumikizana kosamanga bwino.

Kupanga madzi kukhala otetezeka kuli ndi magawo atatu: sankhani gwero loyera kwambiri, chotsani uve, kenako phani majeremusi. Kufwatsa ndi bleach zimapha majeremusi, koma sizichotsa uve kapena mankhwala. Yambani ndi madzi oyera kwambiri omwe mungapeze.

Madzi oti mugwiritse ntchito choyamba¶

Ayezi, zakumwa zochokera mu makina, ndi madzi a mu ice maker yosefukira zimawerengedwa zosatetezeka mpaka madzi omwe zinachokera ndi otetezeka.

Fwatsani madzi: njira yabwino kwambiri¶

Kufwatsa ndi njira yophweka kwambiri pamene muli ndi mafuta ndi poto. Gwiritsani ntchito poto chokhala ndi chivindikiro kuti madzi atenthe mofulumira.

• Ngati madzi ndi odetsedwa, alekeni kukhazikika ndipo muthire madzi oyera, kapena muwasefe pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yoyera, pepala, kapena coffee filter.
• Fikitsani ku kufwatsa kolimba, mtundu umene mabulosi amapitiriza kuswa pamwamba, ndipo mukhale kumeneko kwa mphindi 1.
• Pamwamba pa mamita pafupifupi 1,000 (futi 3,300), fwatsani kwa mphindi 3.
• Alekeni kuziziridwa, kenako muwasunge mu zotengera zoyera zokhala ndi zivindikiro zolimba. Lembani tsiku pa chotengera chilichonse.
• Kuti mukonze kukoma kofewa, thirani madzi uku ndi uko pakati pa zotengera ziwiri zoyera, kapena muonjezere mchenga wa mchere pang'ono pa lita (quart 1) atazizira.

Kufwatsa kumagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi nthawi, choncho konzekerani. Fwatsani okwanira maola angapo, osati kapu imodzi pa nthawi. Madzi ena amawuma pa kufwatsa, choncho yambani ndi owonjezera ang'ono.

Dzitsitsani ndi bleach pamene simungathe kufwatsa¶

Gwiritsani ntchito bleach yopanda fungo, ya pakhomo. Yang'anani pa chikwangwani pansi pa "active ingredient" kuchuluka kwa sodium hypochlorite, komwe nthawi zambiri ndi 5 mpaka 9 peresenti. Ngati chikwangwani chikupereka malangizo a madzi akumwa, tsatirani.

Musagwiritse ntchito bleach yokhala ndi fungo, color safe bleach, splashless bleach, kapena bleach yokhala ndi zoyeretsa zowonjezera. Zinthu izi zili ndi zinthu zina zomwe simuyenera kumwa.

Tebulo ili ndi la bleach ya kuchuluka kwa 5 mpaka 9 peresenti kokha. Ngati bleach yanu ndi ya kuchuluka kosiyana, musaganizire kuchokera pa tebulo ili. Tsatirani chikwangwani kapena bungwe lanu la zaumoyo la dziko. Tsamba lathu la zinthu za madzi likukhala ndi zambiri za bleach, mapiritsi, ndi ma filter.

• Sefani kapena lekani madzi kukhazikika choyamba ngati ndi odetsedwa.
• Onjezerani bleach. Ngati madzi ndi odetsedwa kapena mtundu wina, kawirikiwirini kuchuluka.
• Suzani bwino ndipo mudikire osachepera mphindi 30 musanamwere.
• Nunkhizani madzi. Ayenera kumveka fungo locheperapo la chlorine. Ngati sakumveka, onjezani mlingo womwewo kachiwiri ndipo mudikire mphindi zina 15.
• Ngati akalibe fungo la chlorine, tayani ndipo funafunani gwero lina.

Mapiritsi ndi madontho oyeretsa madzi amagwiranso ntchito. Tsatirani phukusi, chifukwa chinthu chilichonse chimadzitsitsa kuchuluka kosiyana kwa madzi ndipo chimafunikira nthawi yosiyana yodikira. Zinthu za iodine siziyenerera anthu apakati, anthu okhala ndi mavuto a thyroid, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kuyang'ana mwachangu musanamwere¶

Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda uwu pamene simukudziwa za gwero la madzi.

• Akuchokera mu botolo lotsekedwa? Ngati inde, mwereni.
• Anachokera ku madzi osefukira, mtsinje, maiwe, kapena madzi oyimirira? Ngati inde, musamwere, ngakhale mutawadzitsitsa.
• Ndi ochokera pa pampopo, chitsime, kapena tangi? Ngati inde, fwatsani kapena dzitsitsani, ndipo yang'anani chidziwitso cha kufwatsa madzi.
• Akumveka fungo la mafuta, mankhwala, kapena ndowe, kapena akuwoneka ndi mafuta? Ngati inde, musagwiritse ntchito.

Zidziwitso za kufwatsa madzi¶

Chidziwitso cha kufwatsa madzi chochokera ku kampani yanu ya madzi chikutanthauza kuti madzi a pampopo angakhale ndi majeremusi. Chidziwitsochi chimakhudza madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa:

• Kumwa, ndi kupanga zakumwa, ayezi, ndi mkaka wa kanda
• Kuphika ndi kutsuka chakudya
• Kusindikiza mano
• Kutsuka mbale, pokhapokha mukazithira m'madzi omwe afwatsidwa kapena kudzitsitsidwa

Nthawi zambiri mungathe kusamba, koma sungani madzi kutali ndi kamwa kanu. Patsani makanda ndi ana aang'ono sponge bath m'malo mwa madzi osambira. Tayani ayezi wopangidwa chidziwitsocho chikayamba.

Pitirizani kutsatira chidziwitsocho mpaka akuluakulu achitaya. Makampani nthawi zambiri amachotsa chidziwitso pambuyo pa kuyeza madzi ndikupeza kuti ndi otetezeka, nthawi zambiri pa mayeso awiri otengedwa tsiku limodzi lapatulana. Makampani ena amafunsa makasitomala kuyendetsa pampopo zouzira kwa mphindi zochepa kuti athe mapaipi. Tsatirani malangizo a kampani yanu, osati kuganizira kwa mnansi.

Nthawi yomwe chakudya chimakhalira chotetezeka popanda magetsi¶

Nthawi imayambira pamene magetsi anazimika. Lembani nthawi kuti musaganizire pambuyo pake. Sungani zitseko za firiji ndi firiza zotsekedwa, ndipo mwonani nthawi pamene mutsegule.

Chida choyeza kutentha mu firiji ndi firiza chimachotsa kuganizira pa izi. Kutentha kotetezeka ndi 4°C (40°F) kapena pansipa mu firiji ndi -18°C (0°F) kapena pansipa mu firiza. Gulani chida choyeza kutentha nyengo ya mphepo isanafike ndipo musiye mkati mwa chida chilichonse.

Ayezi amasunga chakudya chouzira. Dzazani cooler ndi ayezi kapena mabotolo a madzi owundana, ndipo musunge mumthunzi. Dry ice ikhoza kupsereza khungu ndipo ikufunikira mpweya, choncho igwiritsani ntchito ndi magolovesi ndipo musaitseke mumalo achoonde.

Chakudya cha mu firiji: sungani kapena tayani¶

Tayani chakudya chowonongeka chomwe chakhala pamwamba pa 4°C (40°F) kwa maola 2 kapena kupitirira, kapena chomwe chimamveka, chimawoneka, kapena chimamveka fungo losazolowereka. Chakudya chingakhale ndi majeremusi omwe amabweretsa matenda ndipo chingawoneke ndi kumveka fungo labwino.

Gawo la "nthawi zambiri chimasungidwa" likuganizira kuti chakudya chidakhalabe mu phukusi lake loyambirira, losawonongeka. Ngati botolo kapena galasi linatsegulidwa kapena linawonongeka, zitengereni ngati zowonongeka.

Zolakwa zofala ndi chakudya cha mu firiji¶

• Kutsegula firiji "kungoyang'ana" usiku woyamba. Kutsegula kulikonse kumatulutsa mpweya wouzira.
• Kuganiza kuti chakudya ndi bwino chifukwa chinali chouzira pamene magetsi anazimika. Nthawi ikupitirizabe.
• Kusunga mbale ya zotsalira kuti mudye pambuyo pake. Chakudya chophikika chosiyidwa pa kutentha kwa chipinda sichitetezeka kusunga.
• Kutaya chakudya chomwe chikali bwino, monga tchizi tolimba kapena batala yosatsegulidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito tebulo pamwambapa.

Chakudya cha mu firiza¶

Magetsi akabwerera, yang'anani chinthu chilichonse. Chakudya chomwe chikali ndi tizidzitsitsi tsa ayezi, kapena chomwe chili pa 4°C (40°F) kapena pansipa, chingathe kuzizidwanso kapena kuphikidwa. Chingasiye mtundu wina wa kukoma, koma ndi chotetezeka.

Tayani chakudya chowundana chomwe chinasungunuka ndipo chakhala pamwamba pa 4°C (40°F) kwa maola oposa 2. Ngati simungathe kudziwa, tayani. Nyama yosungunuka yomwe imawoneka ndi kumveka fungo labwino ikali yosatetezeka ngati inali youzira kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri.

Ngati mukudziwa kuti mphepo ikubwera, dzazani malo opanda kanthu mu firiza ndi zotengera za madzi. Ayezi amasunga chakudya chouzira kwa nthawi yautali, ndipo amakhala madzi akumwa pamene akusungunuka. Siyani malo pang'ono kuti madzi aonjezeke, kuopa chotengera chingathyoke.

Chakudya chomwe chinakhudza madzi osefukira¶

Madzi osefukira amanyamula ndowe, mafuta, ndi mankhwala. Tayani chakudya chilichonse chomwe chinachikhudza, ndi chakudya chili mu phukusi losaupira madzi kwathunthu:

• Zipatso zaiwisi kuchokera ku munda kapena thengo losefukira
• Chakudya mu khatoni, pepala, matumba a plastic, kapena mabokosi, kuphatikizapo cereal, ufa, juice boxes, ndi mabokosi a ufa wa kanda
• Mabotolo ndi zopanga zokhala ndi zivindikiro za screw, snap, crimped, kapena twist, kuphatikizapo chakudya chotsekedwa kunyumba
• Mapoto owonongeka, otupa, odzimba, oyenda madzi, kapena otsegulidwa
• Matumba ofewa, pokhapokha wopanga kapena bungwe lanu la chitetezo cha chakudya la dziko likunena kuti thumbalo lingayeretsedwe ndi kusungidwa

Mapoto achitsulo otsekedwa, osawonongeka amatha kusungidwa ngati muwayeretsa. Madzi osefukira amatha kulowa pansi pa zivindikiro ndi mu zophatikizana, choncho poto lomwe likuwoneka labwino lingakhale ndi majeremusi. Ngati poto likukayikitsa, tayani.

Mmene mungayeretsere mapoto¶

• Chotsani zilembo, kenako lembani zomwe zili mkati ndi tsiku lofunika kudya pa poto ndi chimadala.
• Pukutani matope ndi uve, kenako mutsuke ndi soya ndi madzi oyera ndikuthira.
• Dzitsitsani mmodzi mwa njira ziwiri. Izizani mapoto kwa mphindi 15 mu sakanizo la kapu 1 (pafupifupi malita 250) ya bleach yopanda fungo mu magaloni 5 (pafupifupi malita 19) ya madzi oyera. Kapena fwatsani mapotoyo mu madzi oyera kwa mphindi 2.
• Alekeni kuuma mumpweya, ndipo mugwiritse ntchito chakudya msanga mmene mungathere.

Zinthu za mu khitchini¶

Tayani mabodi a matabwa oduliramo, zisupa za matabwa, zida za plastic, zinena za botolo la kanda, ndi mapacifier omwe zidakhudza madzi osefukira. Sizingathe kuyeretsedwa kwathunthu.

Tsukani mapani achitsulo, mbale za ceramic, ndi zida zachitsulo ndi soya ndi madzi otentha. Kenako muzidzitsitse pofwatsa m'madzi oyera, kapena muzizike kwa mphindi 15 mu sakanizo lomwelo la bleach logwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapoto. Alekeni kuuma mumpweya musanazigwiritse ntchito.

Kuphika mosatetezeka popanda magetsi¶

Kuphika popanda magetsi kuli ndi chiopsezo makamaka chifukwa cha utsi wa mafuta. Chakudya chosaphikidwa bwino ndi chiopsezo chachiwiri.

• Phikani kunja kokha, kutali kwambiri ndi nyumba, osati mu garaje, pa khonde lotsekedwa, kapena pansi pa carport.
• Phikani nyama, nkhuku, ndi nsomba kwathunthu. Chida choyeza kutentha cha chakudya ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri yoyang'anitsitsa.
• Dyani chakudya chophikidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo musasunge zotsalira popanda malo ozizira.
• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi obotolo kapena ofwatsidwa pophika ndi kutsuka zipatso ndi masamba.
• Sungani nyama yaiwisi kutali ndi chakudya chomwe sichidzaphikidwe. Gwiritsani ntchito mbale ndi mipeni yosiyana.
• Sambani manja musanakhudze ndi pambuyo pa kukhudza nyama yaiwisi.

Zoyatsa nyama ndi masitovu a msasa amapanga carbon monoxide, womwe umapha pakati pa mphindi mkati. Onani chitetezo cha jenereta ndi carbon monoxide.

Zakudya zomwe zimafunikira kuphika kochepa kapena konse¶

Konzekerani zakudya zochepa zomwe zimafunikira kutentha konse. Nsomba za mu poto, nyemba za mu poto zoyeretsedwa, peanut butter, ma cracker, zipatso zouma, zipatso za mtedza, ndi msuzi wa mu poto wokonzeka kudya zimapanga maziko abwino. Sungani chotsegulira mapoto cha dzanja mu kiti, chifukwa cha magetsi chimayima. Konzekerani chakudya chokonzeka chokwana masiku atatu, ndipo muzisinthe nthawi yofunika kudya ikadutsa.

Kudyetsa makanda¶

Makanda amadwala msanga ndi madzi osatetezeka kuposa akuluakulu, choncho zisankho zomwe mumapangira kanda zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.

• Ngati mukuyamwitsa, pitirizani. Ndi chakudya chotetezeka kwambiri kwa kanda wanu pambuyo pa mphepo.
• Mkaka wokonzeka kudya wa mu botolo safunikira madzi ndipo ndi sankho lotetezeka kwambiri pamene madzi ali osatetezeka. Sungani mapoto kapena mabotolo ochepa mu kiti.
• Sakanizani ufa wa mkaka wa kanda ndi madzi a mu botolo kokha, kapena madzi omwe anafwatsidwa ndikuzizidwa.
• Tsukani mabotolo ndi zinena mu madzi a mu botolo kapena ofwatsidwa, kapena mugwiritse ntchito mabotolo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.
• Mkaka wokonzekera wosazizidwa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola 2 pambuyo pa kusakaniza. Tayani chomwe kandayo samalize pambuyo pa kudyetsa.

Musaonjezere madzi kuchuluka pa mkaka kuti uchulukitse. Mkaka wochepetsedwa suuzitsa kanda chakudya chokwanira. Ngati mwatsala pang'ono, funsani wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo kapena chipatala thandizo.

Onani makanda ndi ana pa mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika.

Kusamba manja¶

Matenda ambiri a m'mimba pambuyo pa mphepo amafalikira kudzera pa manja. Sambani ndi soya ndi madzi otetezeka kwa osachepera masekondi 20 musanadye kapena kuphika, pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, pambuyo pa kusintha ma diaper, ndi pambuyo pa kukhudza madzi osefukira kapena zinyalala.

Ngati madzi ali ochepa, khazikitsani malo osambira manja. Gwiritsani ntchito chotengera cha madzi odzitsitsidwa chokhala ndi tap, mbale yosonkhanitsa madzi, ndi soya. Hand sanitizer yokhala ndi mowa pafupifupi 60 peresenti imagwira ntchito pamene manja alibe uve woonekera. Siigwira bwino ntchito pa manja amafuta kapena amatope, choncho tsukani nawo soya ndi madzi choyamba.

Zizindikiro za matenda ochokera ku chakudya kapena madzi¶

Matenda a m'mimba, kusanza, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, ndi fiva zingayambe maola angapo kapena masiku angapo mutadya kapena kumwa china chosatetezeka. Chiopsezo chachikulu ndi kutaya madzi ochuluka kwambiri.

• Mwerani madzi otetezeka kapena oral rehydration salts kawirikawiri, pang'onopang'ono.
• Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu kwa makanda, ana aang'ono, achikulire, kapena aliyense wapakati kapena odwala matenda a nthawi yaitali.
• Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala kwa aliyense ali ndi magazi mu ndowe, fiva yaikulu, kusakodza kwa maola ambiri, kapena amene sangathe kusunga madzi mu thupi.

Tsamba lathu la hatari za thanzi pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho likukhala ndi matenda ena omwe amatsatira mafuriko, kuphatikizapo mmene mungapangire sakanizo la oral rehydration la kunyumba.

Kusunga madzi ndi chakudya pa nthawi yotsatira¶

Magetsi akabwerera ndi madzi akhala otetezeka, gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mwaphunzira kukonzekera. Sungani osachepera malita 4 (galoni 1) ya madzi pa munthu patsiku pakumwa ndi ukhondo wachizolowezi, ndipo musunge chakudya cha masiku angapo chomwe sichifunikira kuphika. Sungani madzi mu zotengera zoyera zokhala ndi zivindikiro zolimba, kutali ndi kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo muzisinthe potsatira malangizo a wopanga chotengera. Tsamba la zinthu za madzi ndi chakudya likukhala ndi zambiri za kusunga.

Zitsogozo zogwirizana¶

• Zinthu za madzi ndi chakudya
• Maola 72 oyamba pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho
• Kudutsa mphepo itaima kwa nthawi yaitali
• Hatari za thanzi pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho
• Makanda ndi ana