Kodi ndithawe mphepo yamkuntho¶

Tsamba ili la kusankha likukuthandizani kuyankha "kodi ndithawe mphepo yamkuntho" m'mphindi zochepa. Pitirizani ndi mafunso motsatana. Yankho loyamba la "inde" likukuuzani chimene muyenera kuchita, choncho mukhoza kusiya kumeneko. Magawo pambuyo pa mafunso akufotokoza za nthawi, chimene muyenera kutenga, ndi zolakwa zomwe zimavulaza anthu ambiri.

Mwachidule: ngati akuluakulu akukuuzani kuti muchoke, muchoka. Ngati madzi angathe kufikira pa nyumba yanu, kapena nyumba yanu singathe kupirira mphepo, muchoka. Mukapanda kutero, nyumba yolimba yomwe ili kutali ndi hatari ya madzi nthawi zambiri ndi malo otetezeka kwambiri kukhala.

Ngati muchita zinthu zitatu zokha¶

1. Dziwani dera lanu lothawirako ndipo tcherani makutu ku malamulo a akuluakulu a dera lanu.
2. Pitirizani ndi tsamba lili lonse la kusankha pansipa. Yankho limodzi la "inde" likutanthauza kuti muyenera kuthawa.
3. Sankhani msanga, pamene chenjezo kapena mphamvu yoyamba yaperekedwa ku dera lanu. Kusankha msanga kumakupatsani nthawi yothawa mosatekeseka, kapena nthawi yokonzekera bwino kuti mukhalebe.

Lamulo losavuta: thawani madzi, bisalani mphepo¶

Madzi ndi omwe amapha anthu ambiri pa mphepo yamkuntho, kudzera mu madzi akukwera kuchokera ku nyanja ndi kusefukira kwa mvula ndi mitsinje. Nyumba yolimba imatha kukutetezani ku mphepo. Pafupifupi palibe nyumba imene imatetezera ku madzi amene amakwera kuposa denga kapena amene amagwetsa nyumba kuchoka pamalo pake.

Mphepo imapangitsa madzi kukhala oopsa kwambiri. Denga logumuka limalola mvula kulowa m'zipinda zapansi, ndipo zenera logumuka limalola madzi ndi zinyalala zoyendetsedwa ndi mphepo kulowa. Choncho funso silili "mphepo yamphamvu bwanji". Funso ndi "kodi madzi angathe kundifikira pano, ndipo nyumba yanga ingapirire mphepo". Werengani zambiri za hatari iliyonse mu hatari za mphepo yamkuntho.

Dziwani mawu amene dera lanu amagwiritsa ntchito¶

Akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito mawu angapo amene ayenera kusintha kusankha kwanu. Mayina amasiyana dziko ndi dziko, koma awa ndi odziwika kwambiri ku Atlantic ndi eastern Pacific, komwe bungwe la National Hurricane Center (NHC) limapereka maulosi a mphepo yamkuntho:

• Hurricane watch: zikhalidwe za mphepo yamkuntho zingachitike ku dera lanu, nthawi zambiri m'maola 48. Yambani dongosolo lanu tsopano.
• Hurricane warning: zikhalidwe za mphepo yamkuntho zikuyembekezeka ku dera lanu, nthawi zambiri m'maola 36. Malizani dongosolo lanu ndipo khalani wokonzeka kuthawa.
• Evacuation order: ngati mumakhala m'dera lotchulidwa, thawani. Madera ena amatcha izi kuthawa "koyenera" (mandatory).
• Voluntary evacuation: akuluakulu akukupemphani kuganizira kuthawa. Ngati ndinu wokalamba, muli ndi chilema, kapena simungathe kudzisamalira nokha, tengani izi ngati chizindikiro champhamvu choti muchoke.

Taifuni, saikiloni, ndi mphepo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito mayina awo a chenjezo. Onani mndandanda wa machenjezo kuchokera ku bungwe lanu la nyengo la dziko, ndipo tsatirani malangizo a boma lanu la dera kuposa malangizo onse a pa tsamba ili.

Buku la kusankha¶

1. Kodi akuluakulu alamula dera lanu kuti lithawe?¶

Inde: pitani. Akuluakulu a dera dziwa mapu a madzi akukwera, kuchuluka kwa misewu, ndi nthawi imene imatenga kuti dera lichotsedwe. Lamulo ndi chizindikiro champhamvu kwambiri chomwe mungapeze.

Malamulo amakhala ndi mayina osiyana m'madera osiyana. Ku United States amatha kukhala "voluntary" kapena "mandatory". Boma lanu la dera lidzakuuzani mtundu umene ukugwira.

Ku Japan, Alert Level 4 imatanthauza kuti aliyense m'derali ayenera kuthawa, ndipo Alert Level 3 imatanthauza kuti anthu okalamba ndi anthu olumala ayambe kuchoka. Ku Bangladesh, odzipereka amafalitsa chenjezo ndikutsogolera anthu ku malo othawirako a cyclone. Tengani zonsezi ngati "pitani".

2. Kodi mumakhala m'nyumba yoyendayenda, galimoto yokhalamo, tenti, bwato, kapena nyumba ya zipangizo zopepuka?¶

Inde: pitani, ngakhale palibe lamulo. Nyumba zoyendayenda ndi zopangidwa kale sizili zotetezeka pa mphepo ya mkuntho, ngakhale zitamangidwa bwino bwanji. Chimodzimodzi ndi RV, nyumba zoyendayenda, tenti, mabwato, ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi mitengo, nsungwi, udzu, kapena zitsulo zopepuka.

Pitani ku nyumba yolimba kapena malo othawirako ovomerezeka mphepo isanayambe. Onani nyumba zoyendayenda ndi mabwato.

3. Kodi nyumba yanu ili m'dera la madzi akukwera, pafupi ndi mtsinje, kapena malo amene amasefukira?¶

Inde: pitani. Madzi akukwera amatha kukwera mamita (mafuti) ambiri pamwamba pa kuya kwachilengedwe kwa nyanja, ndipo amatha kufikira kutali mkati mwa dziko kudutsa m'magombe, mitsinje, ndi ngalande. Kusefukira kwa mvula kumatha kupitirira kwa masiku pambuyo pa mphepo yafika pa nthaka, kutali ndi gombe.

Dzifunseni: kodi msewu wanu, bwalo lanu, kapena pansi pa nyumba yanu zasefukirapo kale? Kodi muli pa gombe lotsika, chisumbu, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, kapena m'chigwa? Ngati yankho lililonse ndi inde, konzekerani kuchoka mvula isanayambe.

4. Kodi mumakhala m'nyumba yayitali?¶

Kutalika kumakutetezani ku madzi, koma osati ku mphepo. Mphepo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri pamene mukukwera, ndipo mazenera a pansanja zapamwamba amalandira mphamvu zambiri. Zokwezera, mapampu a madzi, ndi zoziziritsira zimasiya kugwira pamene magetsi atha, zomwe zingasiye okalamba kapena olumala atachotsedwa kwa masiku.

• Ngati nyumbayo ili m'dera lothawirako, pitani. Pansanja zapamwamba sizikutetezani ngati pansanja yotsika yatsekedwa ndi madzi kwa masiku.
• Ngati nyumbayo ili kunja kwa madera othawirako, tsatirani oyang'anira nyumba ndi akuluakulu a dera. Funsani oyang'anira tsopano pansanja ndi zipinda zomwe amalangiza kuti muthawireko, ndi zipinda zopanda mazenera.
• Ngati aliyense wa m'nyumba yanu sangathe kukwera makwerero, konzekerani kuchoka magetsi asanazimitsidwe, chifukwa zokwezera zidzasiya kugwira.

Onani buku la nyumba zazitali kuti mumve zambiri.

5. Kodi aliyense wa m'nyumba yanu amadalira magetsi kapena chithandizo chokhazikika?¶

Inde: pitani msanga, kapena konzani malo otetezeka tsopano. Izi zikuphatikizapo mpweya wa oxygen, chida chopumira (ventilator), dialysis ya kunyumba, wilichea ya magetsi, suction, insulin kapena mankhwala ena amene ayenera kukhala ozizira, ndi aliyense amene amafunika chisamaliro cha anamwino tsiku ndi tsiku.

Magetsi angakhale opanda kwa masiku kapena milungu pambuyo pa mphepo yamphamvu. Imbani dokotala wanu kapena chipatala chanu mphepo isanafike kuti mufunse kumene mungapite ndi momwe mungapezere chithandizo. Pemphani mndandanda wolembedwa wa mankhwala anu, muyeso, ndi zipangizo, ndipo sungani kope mu chikwama chanu. Malo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo othawirako apadera kapena a thanzi, ndipo ena amafuna kulembetsa msanga. Onani okalamba ndi anthu olumala.

6. Kodi nyumba yanu yawonongeka, yakale, kapena ya chitetezo chofooka?¶

Inde: pitani, kapena sunthirani ku nyumba yolimba kwambiri pafupi. Denga kapena khoma lofoketsedwa ndi mphepo yakale lingasagwirizane kachiwiri. Mazenera akulu opanda zotchinga, denga lotopa, kapena mtengo waukulu wopendekera pa nyumba, zonse zimawonjezera hatari.

Nyumba yolimba ndi yomwe yamangidwa malinga ndi malamulo a dera ndipo ili yokonzedwa bwino: makoma olimba, denga lomangiriridwa ku makoma, ndi zotchinga kapena mazenera a chitetezo. Ngati simukudziwa bwinobwino, nyumba yolimba ya bwenzi lanu kapena malo othawirako ovomerezeka ndi chisankho chotetezeka kwambiri.

7. Kodi mungakwanitse sabata limodzi kapena kuposa popanda magetsi, madzi, kapena masitolo?¶

Ayi: konzekerani kupita kumalo kumene mungakwanitse. Kukhalabe kumatanthauza kukhala popanda magetsi, madzi akuyenda, foni, kapena masitolo otseguka, nthawi zina kwa sabata limodzi kapena kuposa. Mufunika madzi, chakudya, mankhwala, ndi zipangizo za makanda kapena ziweto zokwanira kwa aliyense.

Ngati mwayankha "ayi" pa mafunso onse pamwambapa ndi "inde" pa funso ili, kukhalabe kwanyumba nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho choyenera. Pitirizani kuyang'ana ulosi wa nyengo, ndipo khalani wokonzeka kusintha maganizo ngati mphepo ikula kapena lamulo lafika.

8. Kodi muli ndi njira yothawira, ndi malo opitako?¶

Ayi: konzani zonsezi tsopano. Ngati simuli ndi galimoto, simungathe kuyenda patali, kapena simuli ndi aliyense woti muimbire kuti akutengereni, kusankha kuthawa kwatsala pakati. Funsani mnansi, wachibale, gulu la chipembedzo, kapena bungwe la dera chimene chingakuthandizeni. Lembani amene adzakutengerani, ndi kumene mudzagone.

Ngati masankha kuthawa, werengani momwe mungathawire mosamala. Likufotokoza za kuthawa popanda galimoto, ndi chilema, ndi ziweto.

Tebulo la kusankha mwachangu¶

Nthawi kuchokera pa chenjezo mpaka mphepo kufika pa nthaka¶

Gwirizanitsani zochita zanu ndi gawo la chenjezo. Awa ndi njira zonse. Akuluakulu a dera lanu amakhazikitsa nthawi yeniyeni ya dera lanu.

• Pamene watch yaperekedwa (mpaka maola 48 mphepo isanafike): pangani chisankho, onani dera lanu ndi njira yanu, ndipo konzani malo opitako. Wonjezani mankhwala aliwonse amene atsala pang'ono.
• Pamene warning yaperekedwa (pafupifupi maola 36 mphepo isanafike): ngati muli m'dera lothawirako, chokani tsopano kapena pamene njira yanu yakonzeka. Ngati mukukhalabe, bweretsani zipangizo za panja ndi zitini zamkati, ndipo dzazani zosungiramo madzi.
• Pamene lamulo lafika: chokani. Musadikire mphepo kapena uthenga wachiwiri.
• Pamene mphepo ya "tropical storm" ikufika: mphepo yokhazikika ya 63 km/h (39 mph) kapena kuposa ndi mphepo ya tropical storm. Siyani kuyenda ngati mungathe. Ngati madzi akukwera kumene muli, pitani ku nsanja yotetezeka kwambiri ya nyumba yolimba.
• Pamene mphepo yamkuntho yafika: mphepo yokhazikika ya 119 km/h (74 mph) kapena kuposa ndi mphepo ya hurricane. Khalani m'chipinda chanu chotetezeka, kutali ndi mazenera ndi zitseko za kunja.

Kuti mupeze mndandanda wa tsiku ndi tsiku, onani mndandanda wa maola 24 omaliza.

Pamene kukhalabe ndi chisankho choyenera¶

Ngati mumakhala m'nyumba yolimba kunja kwa madera onse othawirako ndi osefukira, kukhalabe nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho chotetezeka kwambiri ndi chosavuta. Oyang'anira ambiri a dzidzidzi amapempha anthu amene ali kunja kwa madera kuti akhalebe, kuti misewu ndi malo othawirako akhale aulere kwa amene ayenera kuchoka.

Kukhalabe kumafunikirabe kukonzekera koona. Mphepo isanafike:

• Dzazani bafa ndi zosungiramo zonse zoyeretseka zimene muli nazo ndi madzi a kutsuka ndi kusamba. Sungani madzi akumwa osiyana, otsekedwa.
• Ikani zotchinga kapena matabwa pa mazenera, ndipo bweretsani mkati kapena mangani chilichonse chomasuka.
• Sankhani chipinda chotetezeka: chipinda chaching'ono chamkati, kabati, kapena khonde pansanja yotsika kwambiri yomwe singasefukire, kutali ndi mazenera.
• Lipiritsani mafoni anu, mapampu a magetsi, ndi makanda a wailesi, ndipo sungani wailesi ya mabatire ndi mabatire owonjezera.
• Uzani munthu kunja kwa dera lanu kumene muli ndi nthawi imene mukuyembekezeka kulumikizana.

Pitirizani ndi mndandanda wa maola 24 omaliza ndi mndandanda wa zinthu kuti mumalize mndandanda.

Kumene mungapite ngati muchoka¶

Nthawi zambiri simufunika kupita kutali. Kuchoka m'madera a madzi akukwera ndi osefukira nthawi zambiri kumakwanira, ngakhale ndi mtunda waufupi mkati mwa dziko. Ulendo wautali umawonjezera magalimoto, mavuto a mafuta, ndi hatari yotsekeredwa pamsewu.

Zisankho zabwino kwambiri, m'dongosolo ili:

1. Bwenzi kapena wachibale m'nyumba yolimba kunja kwa madera othawirako ndi osefukira.
2. Hotelo kapena nyumba yalendo mkati mwa dziko, kunja kwa madera osefukira, mwachikondweretso nyumba yotsika. Onani msanga mmene mungathere, chifukwa zipinda zimadzaza mofulumira.
3. Malo othawirako a anthu onse ovomerezeka, amene ndi otetezeka koma osavuta.

Boma lanu la dera limasindikiza mapu a madera othawirako, ndipo ambiri amasindikizanso mapu a madzi akukwera. Gwiritsani ntchito mapuwo kuti muwone msewu wanu, osati mzinda wanu wokha. Mapu a dera lanu amakupatsani zambiri kuposa chenjezo chachikulu.

Chimene muyenera kutenga¶

Ngati muchoka, tolerani chikwama chimene mungathe kunyamula nokha ulendo umodzi. Gwiritsani ntchito buku la chikwama choyenera kuthawa kuti mupeze mndandanda wonse, ndipo tolerani zinthu izi poyamba:

• Mankhwala onse amene mumamwa, ndi mndandanda wa muyeso ndi malangizo oti mulumikizana ndi dokotala wanu
• Magalasi, mabatire a thandizo la kumva, mano opangidwa, kapena zothandiza kuyenda
• Zolipiritsa foni ndi pampu ya magetsi
• Mapepala a chidziwitso, ndondomeko za inshuwaransi, ndi mapepala a nyumba m'chikwama chosalowa madzi kapena pa USB
• Ndalama za makandankhanda, chifukwa makina a makadi akhoza kusagwira
• Madzi, zakudya zazing'ono, ndi zipangizo za makanda kapena ziweto
• Adiresi ndi nambala ya foni yolembedwa ya malo opitako, pakuti foni yanu ingathe kuzimika
• Za ziweto: chosungiramo kapena unyolo, chakudya, zolembedwa za katemera, ndi dongosolo la kumene zidzakhala

Sungani tanki ya mafuta pamwamba pa theka mphepo isanafike. Galimoto yopanda mafuta singathe kukuchotsani m'dera.

Zolakwa zofala¶

• Kukonzekera kuyendetsa galimoto m'madzi osefukira. Ku United States, bungwe la National Weather Service limanena kuti pafupifupi masentimita 15 (mainchesi 6) a madzi oyenda mofulumira amatha kugwetsa munthu wamkulu. Bwererani, ndipo musayendetse galimoto m'madzi amene mukungodziwa kuya kwake.
• Kuganiza kuti pansanja yapamwamba nthawi zonse ndi yotetezeka. Pansanja yapamwamba ndi yotetezeka kwambiri ku madzi, koma osati ku mphepo, ndipo si yotetezeka ngati nyumba itaya magetsi ndi madzi.
• Kuyiwala mankhwala ndi zipangizo. Anthu nthawi zambiri amatolera zovala ndi mapepala, ndipo amapeza pa malo othawirako kuti mankhwala awo, magalasi, kapena cholipiritsa chatsala kunyumba.
• Kusiya ziweto mpaka pomaliza. Malo othawirako ambiri amaletsa nyama zina, choncho funsani msanga. Onani buku la ziweto.
• Kubwerera msanga kwambiri. Dikirani mpaka akuluakulu anena kuti dera lanu ndi lotetezeka. Madzi, zinyalala, ndi mawaya a magetsi owonongeka amatha kukhalapo mphepo yatha. Onani mphepo yamkuntho itatha kuti mudziwe nthawi ndi njira yobwerera.
• Kusauza aliyense kumene mukupita. Uthenga kwa munthu mmodzi kunja kwa dera umathandiza banja lanu kudziwa kumene kuyang'ana ngati simungathe kukufikirani.

Mphepo zoona: zomwe madzi ndi kudikira zinachita¶

Zitsanzo izi zikuwonetsa mapangidwe. Sizili malangizo a chochitika chimodzi chilichonse. Akuluakulu a dera dziwa zoona za dera lanu.

• Hurricane Katrina, 2005. Madzi akukwera m'mphepete mwa Mississippi ndi madamu amene adagwa ku New Orleans adasefukira madera akulu. Madzi, osati mphepo, ndiwo amene anali hatari yaikulu ya moyo m'dera lalikulu. Magulu opulumutsa adafikira anthu ambiri amene sanachoke pa nthawi ndipo adakodwa ndi madzi akukwera.
• Typhoon Haiyan (yotchedwa Yolanda ku Philippines), 2013. Imfa zambiri zinali m'madera otsika a pagombe, monga Tacloban, kumene madzi akukwera adafika. Aliyense amene amakhala pafupi ndi gombe anali ndi phindu lalikulu loyamba kuchoka.
• Hurricane Dorian, 2019. Mphepoyo idayima pamwamba pa Abaco ndi Grand Bahama ku chigawo chakumpoto cha Bahamas kwa nthawi yaitali, kuwononga nyumba zambiri. Mphepo yomwe imachedwa imapitirizabe kumenya malo omwewo kwa maola ambiri, choncho nyumba yomwe ingathe kupirira mphepo yaufupi ndi yachangu singathe kupirira yaitali.
• Hurricane Ian, 2022. Madzi akukwera adasefukira madera a pagombe a Southwest Florida, kuphatikizapo zisumbu zotsika ndi matauni a pagombe. Anthu ambiri amene adakhalabe adafunika kupulumutsidwa kuchokera ku madzi akukwera.
• Hurricane Maria, 2017. Kuzimika kwa magetsi m'madera ambiri a Puerto Rico kudapitirira kwa miyezi. Aliyense amene amadalira magetsi pa chisamaliro cha thanzi adakumana ndi hatari yaikulu. Ndicho chifukwa funso 5 likubwera msanga m'buku la kusankha.

Phunziro mu chochitika chilichonse ndi chimodzimodzi. Sankhani msanga, samalirani madzi, ndipo tengani kutha kwa magetsi ngati chochitika chotheka, osati chosowa.

Ngati mumabwereka, mukuyendera, kapena mumakhala ndi ena¶

• Obweleka: panganizo lanu silisintha malamulo a chitetezo. Ngati nyumba yanu kapena dera lanu lili pa hatari, chokani, ndipo uzani mwini nyumba. Onani obweleka ndi zipinda.
• Alendo ndi oyendayenda: tsatirani antchito a hotelo ndi malamulo a dera, ndipo chokani msanga ngati mungathe kusintha ulendo wanu. Onani alendo ndi oyendayenda.
• Mabanja amene asagwirizane: sankhani chisankho chotetezeka kwambiri. Gwirizanani kale kuti akuluakulu akamalamula dera lanu, aliyense achoke.

Chisankho choyipa kwambiri: kuchoka mochedwa kwambiri¶

Dongosolo loopsa kwambiri ndi lodikira kuti muwone, ndipo mukachoka pomaliza. Misewu imasefukira, milatho imatsekedwa, ndipo mphepo imatha kupangitsa kuyendetsa galimoto kukhala kosatheka maola mphepo yafika pa nthaka. Imfa za kusefukira nthawi zambiri zimachitika anthu akuyendetsa magalimoto m'madzi akamayesa kuchoka.

Ngati mphepo yamphamvu yafika kale ku dera lanu, musayambe ulendo wautali. Khalani kumene muli, kapena pitani ku nyumba yolimba yapafupi kapena malo othawirako otseguka amene mungafikire msanga. Ngati madzi akukwera, pitani ku nsanja yapamwamba, koma osalowa m'kabati lotsekeka kumene mungakodwe.

Zitsogozo zogwirizana¶

• Dziwani dera lanu lothawirako
• Momwe mungathawire mosamala
• Chimene muyembekezere pa malo othawirako a mphepo yamkuntho
• Nyumba zoyendayenda
• Nthawi yotsalira ya mphepo yamkuntho