Hatari za thanzi pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho, kuchokera ku madzi osefukira mpaka dengue¶

Pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho, taifuni, kapena saikiloni, anthu ambiri amadwala kapena kuvulala masiku ndi milungu yotsatira, osati pa nthawi ya mphepo yokha. Tsamba ili likukuthandizani kupewa hatari za thanzi zofala, kuzindikira zizindikiro za chenjezo msanga, ndi kudziwa pamene mungafunikire chithandizo.

Ngati muchita zinthu zitatu zokha¶

1. Khalani kutali ndi madzi osefukira mmene mungathere. Mukafunika, valani mabutsi ndi magolovesi, ndipo musambe ndi soya ndi madzi oyera pambuyo pake.
2. Yeretsani chilonda chilichonse nthawi yomweyo, muchiphimbe, ndipo mupeze kuyang'aniridwa ngati chikukhala chofiira, chotupa, kapena chopweteka.
3. Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu pa fiva, matenda a m'mimba okhala ndi magazi kapena amadzimadzi omwe sakuleka, kapena chilonda chomwe chikukula kuipa masiku kapena milungu pambuyo pa kusefukira.

Chomwe chili mu madzi osefukira¶

Madzi osefukira sikuti ndi madzi a mvula okha. Amatenga ndowe kuchokera ku zimbudzi ndi machitidwe a septic zosefukira, zinyalala za nyama, nyama zakufa, mafuta, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala kuchokera ku nyumba, minda, ndi mafakitale. Amabisanso zinyalala zakuthwa, ma drain otseguka, ndi mabowo.

Majeremusi mu madzi osefukira angayambitse matenda a m'mimba, mabanga a khungu, matenda a zilonda, ndi matenda monga leptospirosis. M'madera ena apagombe, madzi osefukira osakanikirana ndi madzi a m'nyanja amanyamula mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse matenda akulu a zilonda.

• Sungani ana ndi ziweto kutali ndi madzi osefukira. Ana sayenera kusewera mmenemo.
• Ngati muyenera kuyenda mmenemo, valani mabutsi a rabala, magolovesi a rabala, ndi chitetezo cha maso ngati madzi angasasike.
• Phimbani zilonda ndi mabala ndi zophimba zotetezeka ku madzi musanalowe, kapena mukhale kunja.
• Sambani manja anu ndi soya ndi madzi oyera pambuyo pa kukhudza kulikonse, ndi musanadye kapena kukhudza nkhope yanu. Gwiritsani ntchito hand sanitizer ngati palibe madzi oyera.
• Chapani zovala zomwe zinakhudza madzi osefukira m'madzi otentha ndi soya musanazivale kachiwiri.

Zilonda ndi matenda a khungu¶

Zikhadzula ndi zilonda ndi zofala pa nthawi ya kuyeretsa, ndipo zimadwala msanga pambuyo pa mphepo. Samalirani chilonda chilichonse, chinganga kukhala chochepa chotani.

Mmene mungayeretsere chilonda¶

1. Sambani manja choyamba.
2. Thirani madzi pa chilonda bwino ndi madzi obotolo, ofwatsidwa, kapena oyenda oyera. Saline ndi yabwino ngati muli nayo.
3. Yeretsani khungu lozungulira chilonda ndi soya ndi madzi.
4. Chiphimbeni ndi bandage youma, yoyera. Gwiritsani ntchito chophimba chotetezeka ku madzi ngati mudzakhala pafupi ndi madzi kapena matope.
5. Chiyang'aneni osachepera kamodzi patsiku, ndipo musinthe bandage ngati chayamba kunyowa kapena kudetsedwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda¶

Pezani kuyang'aniridwa mwachangu ngati chilonda chikuwonetsa chimodzi mwa izi:

• Kufiira kapena kutupa komwe kukufalikira
• Kupweteka komwe kukukula kuipa m'malo mokucheperetsa
• Kutentha, mafinya, kapena fungo loipa
• Fiva kapena kuzizira
• Mikwingwirima yofiira yomwe ikufalikira kuchokera ku chilonda

Anthu okhala ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuyang'ana mapazi awo tsiku lililonse pambuyo pa kuyenda m'madzi kapena matope. Mabulosi ndi zikhadzula zazing'ono pa mapazi zingasinthe mwachangu kukhala zazikulu.

Tetanus¶

Tetanus imachokera ku majeremusi a m'nthaka, fumbi, ndi zinyalala za nyama zomwe zimalowa kudzera pa chilonda. Madzi osefukira okha samayambitsa tetanus, koma zikhadzula ndi mabowo omwe anthu amapeza pa kuyeretsa amatha kuyambitsa.

• Ngati mwapeza chilonda cha bowo, chikhadzula chakuya, kapena chilonda chokhala ndi nthaka, dzimbiri, kapena zinyalala za nyama mmenemo, onani wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo. Ngati jakisoni wanu womaliza wa tetanus unali zaka zoposa 5 zapitazo, kapena simukudziwa, mungafunikire booster.
• Akuluakulu amafunikira booster ya tetanus zaka 10 zilizonse. Ngati mukufuna kuyamba kuyeretsa ndipo simukudziwa pamene munalandira yomaliza, funsani chipatala musanayambe.
• Chilonda sichifunika kuwoneka choipa kuti chikhale ndi tetanus. Kupondamo msomali ndi njira yodziwika yopezekerapo.

Matenda a m'mimba, matenda a m'mimba, ndi cholera¶

Pamene madzi akumwa ndi zimbudzi zikuleka kugwira ntchito, majeremusi a ndowe amalowa mu chakudya, madzi, ndi manja. Matenda a m'mimba ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri pambuyo pa mafuriko, ndipo ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa makanda, ana aang'ono, ndi achikulire, chifukwa amataya madzi msanga.

Pewani¶

• Mwerani madzi obotolo, ofwatsidwa, kapena odzitsitsidwa kokha, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito madzi omwewo kusindikiza mano, kutsuka chakudya, ndi kupanga mkaka wa kanda. Onani chitetezo cha chakudya ndi madzi.
• Tayani chakudya chilichonse chomwe chinakhudza madzi osefukira, pokhapokha chili mu poto lachitsulo lotsekedwa, losawonongeka.
• Sambani manja ndi soya pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, musanaphike, musanadye, ndi pambuyo pa kusintha ma diaper.
• Ngati zimbudzi sizikugwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito dizi lokhala ndi chivindikiro ndi plastic liner, kapena chimbudzi chabowo, kutali ndi magwero a madzi. Tsatirani malangizo a zaumoyo a m'deralo pa kutaya.

Dzitsitsani¶

Chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a m'mimba ndi kutaya madzi ndi mchere wambiri. Yambani oral rehydration solution (ORS) msanga matenda a m'mimba akayamba. Ma pharmacy, zipatala, ndi magulu othandiza nthawi zambiri amagawa ma sachet a ORS pambuyo pa mphepo.

Ngati mulibe ma sachet, sakanizo ili lophweka la kunyumba lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mpaka mupeze ORS yeniyeni: lita 1 ya madzi otetezeka, tiyimpuni 6 za shuga, ndi theka la tiyimpuni la mchere. Pitirizani kuyamwitsa makanda okhala ndi matenda a m'mimba, ndipo mupitirize kupereka chakudya pamene munthu akhoza kudya.

Cholera¶

Cholera ndi matenda akulu a m'mimba omwe amafalikira kudzera mu madzi ndi chakudya chodetsedwa ndi ndowe. Siimangochitika chifukwa chakuti kuli kusefukira. Imafalikira komwe tizilombo tanthawulo tilipo kale, ndipo kufalikira kungatsatire mafuriko pamene madzi ndi ukhondo zikuwonongeka.

Cholera imayambitsa matenda a m'mimba mwadzidzidzi, olemera, amadzimadzi, nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa kuti amawoneka ngati madzi a mpunga, ndipo nthawi zina kusanza. Ingaphe mu maola popanda chithandizo, koma anthu ambiri amapeza bwino kwathunthu ndi ORS yoyambitsidwa msanga. Milandu yoopsa imafunikira chipatala pa madzi a intravenous. Ngati bungwe lanu la zaumoyo lalengeza cholera m'dera lanu, tsatirani malangizo ake pa madzi, chakudya, ndi katemera.

Leptospirosis¶

Leptospirosis ndi matenda a mabakiteriya omwe amafalikira kudzera mu mkodzo wa makoswe ndi nyama zina. Amalowa mu thupi kudzera pa zikhadzula, zisanso, ndi maso, mphuno, ndi kamwa, nthawi zambiri pamene anthu akuyenda m'madzi osefukira kapena matope. Ndi ofala pambuyo pa mafuriko m'madera ambiri otentha.

Malinga ndi CDC, zizindikiro zingayambe kuchokera masiku 2 mpaka milungu 4 pambuyo pa kukhudzana. Yang'anani:

• Fiva yadzidzidzi yaikulu ndi mutu kupweteka
• Kupweteka kwa minofu, makamaka m'miyendo ndi msana wapansi
• Maso ofiira
• Kusanza, matenda a m'mimba, kapena kupweteka kwa m'mimba
• Khungu kapena maso achikasu, kapena mkodzo wakuda, pa milandu yoopsa

Mankhwala a antibiotic amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri akayambitsidwa msanga. Ngati mwapeza fiva mwezi umodzi mutayenda m'madzi osefukira kapena kuyeretsa, onani wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo ndipo muwauze za madzi osefukirawo. Madipatimenti ena a zaumoyo amapereka ma antibiotic opewera kwa anthu omwe anakhudzana kwambiri, choncho funsani ngati izi zikugwirizana ndi komwe mumakhala.

Pewani ndi kuvala mabutsi ndi magolovesi m'madzi ndi matope, kuphimba zilonda, ndi kusunga chakudya ndi madzi otsekedwa kutali ndi makoswe.

Ziweto ndi nyama za ulimi zimakumana ndi hatari zomwezi za madzi osefukira, kuphatikizapo leptospirosis, choncho zisungeni kutali ndi madzi osefukira ndipo muzipatse madzi oyera. Onani masamba a kiti ya dzidzidzi ya chiweto ndi ziweto zazikulu ndi za ulimi.

Melioidosis¶

Kumpoto kwa Australia ndi m'madera a Southeast ndi South Asia, kuphatikizapo Thailand, mabakiteriya ena a m'nthaka ndi madzi otchedwa melioidosis amachuluka pambuyo pa mvula yambiri, mafuriko, ndi mphepo. Amalowanso kudzera pa khungu lophwanyika. Anthu okhala ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a impso, kapena kumwa mowa mochuluka ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu. Ngati mumakhala m'madera awa, valani mabutsi ndi magolovesi m'matope ndi madzi osefukira, ndipo muuze wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo za kukhudzana ngati mwapeza fiva, chifuwa, kapena chilonda chomwe sichikuchira.

Udzudzu, dengue, ndi malungo¶

Mafuriko amasiya madzi oyimirira kulikonse, ndipo udzudzu wina umaswana mmenemo. Udzudzu umene umadzaza mphepo itangodutsa ndi wosokoneza kwambiri. Chiopsezo cha matenda a udzudzu chimakwera mmene madzi oyimirira akalipo, choncho pitirizani kuyang'ana madzi mu zotengera kwa milungu ingapo pambuyo pa mphepo.

Dengue imafalikira kudzera mu udzudzu wa Aedes, umene umaluma nthawi zambiri masana. Ndi ofala m'Caribbean, Latin America, South ndi Southeast Asia, ndi zisumbu za Pacific. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo fiva yaikulu, mutu kupweteka kwambiri, kupweteka pambuyo pa maso, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa, kusanza, ndi mabanga.

Ngati mungakhale ndi dengue, pumulani, mwerani madzi ambiri, ndipo mumwe paracetamol (acetaminophen) pa kupweteka ndi fiva. Musamwe ibuprofen kapena aspirin, zomwe zingakwereze chiopsezo cha magazi.

Malungo alipo m'madera ena a Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, ndi Pacific, kuphatikizapo madera ena ogunda ndi mphepo. M'madera awa, fiva iliyonse pambuyo pa mafuriko ikufunikira kuyezedwa malungo tsiku lomwelo.

Letsani kulumidwa¶

• Tulutsani, phimbani, kapena mbali zitsani chilichonse chomwe chikusunga madzi: ma bokosi, ma tayala, mapoto, zotengera za zomera, ma gutter, ndi zotengera zowonongeka. Chitani izi osachepera kamodzi pa sabata.
• Phimbani matangi a madzi ndi matanki mwamphamvu, ndipo muwayeretse sabata iliyonse.
• Valani zovala zazitali za m'manja ndi za m'miyendo, usana ndi usiku.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo okhala ndi DEET, picaridin, kapena IR3535, kutsatira chikwangwani.
• Gonani pansi pa net ya udzudzu, ndipo mukonze maskrini a mazenera.

Njoka, makoswe, ndi nyama zina¶

Mafuriko amakankhira njoka, makoswe, tizilombo, ndi nyama zina kuchoka pamalo awo achizolowezi kupita mnyumba, zinyalala, ndi madzi. Kumpoto kwa Australia ndi madera ena a Asia, madzi osefukira angathe kunyamulanso magwere.

• Yang'anani mosamala musanalowetse dzanja mu zinyalala, pansi pa mipando, kapena mu malo achoonde. Gwiritsani ntchito ndodo kapena chida kusuntha zinthu.
• Ngati muona njoka, buzani pang'onopang'ono ndi kuisiya. Imbani bungwe lanu la kuyang'anira nyama kapena bungwe la zinyama zakuthengo ngati ili mkati.
• Sungani chakudya chotsekedwa ndi zinyalala zophimbidwa kuti makoswe asakoke.
• Musasese kapena kugwiritsa ntchito vacuum pa ndowe za makoswe. CDC ikulimbikitsa kapu 1.5 za bleach ya pakhomo mu galoni 1 ya madzi. Izizani ndowezo kwa osachepera mphindi 5, kenako muzipukuteko ndi pepala la mu khitchini pamene mukuvala magolovesi.
• Pewani nyama zoyendayenda ndi zakuthengo, ndipo musume nyama zakufa ku boma lanu la dera.

Ngati wina waluma ndi njoka¶

1. Imbani nambala yanu ya dzidzidzi ya m'deralo (911 ku United States ndi Canada). Ku United States, Poison Control pa 1-800-222-1222 angathandizenso.
2. Sungani munthu wosasunthika ndi wokhazikika, ndipo muchotse mphete ndi zovala zomangika pafupi ndi kulumidwa.
3. Lembani mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a njoka ngati mungathe kuchita izi mosatetezeka. Musayese kugwira kapena kupha njoka.
4. Tsatirani malangizo a chithandizo choyamba a dziko lanu pamene mukudikira. Ku Australia, mwachitsanzo, othandiza oyamba amagwiritsa ntchito bandage ya pressure immobilization.

Musadule chilonda, kuyesa kuyamwa ululu, kumangira tourniquet yolimba, kapena kuika ayezi pamenepo. Kulumidwa m'madzi okhuta kungakhale ngati chikhadzula, choncho mupeze kuyang'aniridwa kulumidwa kulikonse kotheka.

Ngati nyama yakulumani kapena kukumwetedwani, chapani chilonda ndi soya ndi madzi oyenda kwa osachepera mphindi 15, kenako onani wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo tsiku lomwelo, ngakhale kulumidwako kukuwoneka kochepa. M'madera omwe matenda a chiwewe alipo, mungafunikire katemera.

Carbon monoxide¶

Majenereta, masitovu a makala, ndi zoyatsa nyama za gasi zogwiritsidwa ntchito mkati kapena pafupi ndi mazenera otseguka zimaizira anthu ambiri pambuyo pa mphepo. Carbon monoxide ilibe fungo kapena mtundu. Mutu kupweteka, chizungulire, kufooka, kusanza, ndi kusokonezeka mwa anthu angapo nthawi imodzi ndi zizindikiro za chenjezo.

Tulutsani aliyense kumpweya wabwino ndipo mupemphe thandizo. Werengani chitetezo cha jenereta ndi carbon monoxide musanayendetse zida zilizonse zoyaka mafuta.

Hatari zina zoyenera kuzikumbukira¶

• Kutentha. Kuyeretsa mu kutentha popanda magetsi kapena mafani kumayambitsa heat exhaustion ndi heat stroke. Onani chitetezo cha kutentha.
• Mphemvu. Mphemvu mu nyumba yosefukira ingayambitse fiva ndi allergy. Onani kuyeretsa ndi mphemvu.
• Mankhwala. Mafuriko amasuntha zotengera za mafuta, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zoyeretsa. Musatsegule zotengera zosadziwika, ndipo musasakanize bleach ndi ammonia kapena ma acid.
• Mankhwala ndi matenda a nthawi yaitali. Kuperewera kwa milingo ya mankhwala a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a mtima, HIV, chifuwa chachikulu, kapena zaumoyo wa maganizo ndi vuto lofala ndi loopsa pambuyo pa mphepo. Funsani malo opereka mankhwala, chipatala, kapena positi ya thandizo pa zina msanga mmene mungathere.
• Nkhawa. Tulo loipa, nkhawa, ndi chisoni zimakhudzanso thupi lanu. Onani kupirira pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho.

Pamene mungapemphe chithandizo¶

Zipatala ndi malo othandiza angakhale odzaza kapena owonongeka pambuyo pa mphepo. Dipatimenti yanu ya zaumoyo ya dziko, Red Cross kapena Red Crescent, ndi magulu othandiza nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsa zipatala zoyendayenda ndi malo othandiza oyamba. Tsamba lanu la dera likukhala ndi manambala a zaumoyo ndi a dzidzidzi komwe mumakhala.

Imbani nambala yanu ya dzidzidzi tsopano pa vuto la kupuma, kupweteka pachifuwa, kulumidwa ndi njoka, kutuluka magazi kwambiri, kusokonezeka, kugwa, kugwidwa (seizure), kapena zizindikiro za poizoni ya carbon monoxide.

Onani wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo tsiku lomwelo pa:

• Fiva iliyonse milungu pambuyo pa mafuriko, makamaka ndi kupweteka kwa minofu, maso ofiira, kapena mutu kupweteka
• Chilonda chofiira, chotupa, chotentha, chotuluka madzi, kapena chopweteka kwambiri, kapena chilonda chilichonse chomwe chinakhudza madzi a m'nyanja kapena madzi osefukira mwa munthu wokhala ndi matenda a shuga kapena chiwindi
• Chilonda cha bowo kapena chodetsedwa ngati jakisoni wanu womaliza wa tetanus unali zaka zoposa 5 zapitazo kapena simukudziwa
• Matenda a m'mimba mwa kanda, mwana wamng'ono, munthu wamkulu, kapena wapakati, kapena matenda a m'mimba olemera kapena okhala ndi magazi
• Zizindikiro za chenjezo za dengue, ngakhale fiva yatha
• Kulumidwa kulikonse ndi nyama

Mukaona wogwira ntchito ya zaumoyo, muwauze kuti munali m'madzi osefukira kapena mukuyeretsa pambuyo pa mphepo. Izi zimasintha zomwe akufunafuna.

Zitsogozo zogwirizana¶

• Chitetezo cha chakudya ndi madzi pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho
• Kuyeretsa pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho ndi mphemvu
• Mitengo yogwa, machisoo, ndi zophimba denga
• Kiti yoyamba yothandiza ndi mankhwala
• Chitetezo cha jenereta ndi carbon monoxide