Amagqabantshintshi eziqhwithi achazwayo¶
I-hurricane, i-typhoon kunye ne-tropical cyclone zisisiqhwithi esinye, kuphela amagama awohlukileyo kuwandle ngawandle. Konke okukule sikhokelo kusebenza kuzo zonke.
Amagqabantshintshi eziqhwithi abala umoya wesiqhwithi ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5. Eli phepha lichaza oko igqabantshintshi ngalinye linakho ukukwenza, indlela yokusebenzisa inani xa uceba, kunye nento enye eliyishiya ngaphandle: amanzi, abangela ubukhulu becala lokufa ngenxa yesiqhwithi. Ukuba uthatha into enye kweli phepha, thatha le: igqabantshintshi libala umoya kuphela.
Ukuba wenza izinto ezintathu kuphela¶
- Yenza isigqibo sokuba urhoxe ngokusekelwe kwimandla yakho yokurhoxiswa kunye nekhaya lakho, kungekhe ngegqabantshintshi.
- Lungiselela igqabantshintshi elinye ngaphezulu kunokuqikelelwa, kuba iziqhwithi zinokomelela ngokukhawuleza.
- Funda ukuqikelelwa kwemvula kunye namaza amakhulu kwindawo yakho ngasixesha sonke ufunda igqabantshintshi.
Isikali seSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind¶
Isikali se-Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind sisetyenziswa ngu-National Hurricane Center (NHC) kuLwandle lwe-Atlantiki kunye nePasifiki esempuma nasembindini. Ibala i-hurricane ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-5 ngokomoya wayo ophezulu owaziwayo, othi i-NHC awubale njenge-avareji ngomzuzu omnye. Umoya ophehlwa ngamandla unokomelela ngakumbi kunomoya owaziwayo.
| Igqabantshintshi | Umoya owaziwayo | Umonakalo wesiqhelo wemoya |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 119 ukuya ku-153 km/h (74 ukuya ku-95 mph) | Umonakalo omncinane kuphahla, amatayile, iipaneli zangaphandle kunye nemibhobho yamanzi. Amasebe amakhulu ayakrazuka kunye nemithi encinane ingawa. Ukucima umbane okunokuhlala iintsuku |
| 2 | 154 ukuya ku-177 km/h (96 ukuya ku-110 mph) | Umonakalo omkhulu. Izindlu ezakhiweyo kakuhle zinokuba nomonakalo omkhulu kuphahla nangaphandle. Imithi emininzi iwa kananjalo ivale iindlela. Ukucima umbane phantse ngokupheleleyo iintsuku ukuya kwiiveki |
| 3 (enkulu) | 178 ukuya ku-208 km/h (111 ukuya ku-129 mph) | Umonakalo onamandla. Izindlu ezakhiweyo kakuhle zinokulahlekelwa decking yophahla kunye neempondo zophahla. Imithi emininzi ikrazuka okanye isuswa impande. Umbane kunye namanzi akho iintsuku ukuya kwiiveki |
| 4 (enkulu) | 209 ukuya ku-251 km/h (130 ukuya ku-156 mph) | Umonakalo onesiphelo. Izindlu ezakhiweyo kakuhle zinokulahlekelwa inkuthazo yophahla kunye nezinye udonga lwangaphandle. Imithi emininzi kunye neembonakalo zombane ziwa. Imimandla isenokungahlalwa iiveki okanye iinyanga |
| 5 (enkulu) | 252 km/h (157 mph) okanye ngaphezulu | Umonakalo onesiphelo. Isabelo esiphezulu sezindlu ezakhiweyo zonakaliswa. Imithi eyiwileyo kunye neembonakalo zombane ziyavala amakhaya. Imimandla isenokungahlalwa iiveki okanye iinyanga |
Amagqabantshintshi 3, 4, kunye no-5 abizwa ngokuba ziziqhwithi enkulu. Elo gama liphathelele umonakalo womoya. Alithethi ukuba iGqabantshintshi lika-1 okanye 2 likhuselekile, kuba i-NHC ithi zonke iziqhwithi zidala umoya osongela ubomi.
Oko igqabantshintshi ngalinye lithetha kuwe¶
Sebenzisa igqabantshintshi ukuceba umonakalo womoya kunye nendlela iinkonzo zinokucima ixesha elingakanani. Sebenzisa imandla yakho yokurhoxiswa kunye noluhlobo lwekhaya ohlala kulo ukwenza isigqibo sokuba urhoxe.
Igqabantshintshi lika-1. Izinto ezingaxhonziweyo ziyabhabha kananjalo amatayile ayakroba. Imithi enempande engekho nzulu inokuwa phezu kweemoto, izindlu, kunye nencingo zombane. Ceba ukuba umbane uza kucima iintsuku, kananjalo ube namanzi nokutya ubuncinci ngaloo mini.
Igqabantshintshi lika-2. Uphahla kunye neepaneli zangaphandle zonakaliswa kabanzi, kananjalo imithi emininzi iwa de iindlela zihlale zivaliwe. Lindela umbane ucime phantse kuyo yonke indawo esendleleni yesiqhwithi kananjalo uhlale ucimile iveki okanye ngaphezulu kwezinye iindawo. Izakhiwo ezilula, iishedi, kunye nezindlu ezihambahambayo ezindala zisemngciphekweni onzulu.
Igqabantshintshi lika-3. Izindlu ezakhiweyo kakuhle ziqala ukulahlekelwa yiinxalenye zophahla. Amanzi kunye nombane zingavela iiveki, oko kwenza ukuhlala ekhaya kube nzima kwiintsana, abantu abadala, kunye nabo bafuna umbane kuncedisano lonyango. Iindawo ezininzi zibiza ukurhoxiswa okubanzi kweli nqanaba, kodwa imimandla yamaza amakhulu isenokuxelelwa ukuba irhoxe kwiziqhwithi ezibuthathaka ngakumbi.
Igqabantshintshi lika-4. Umoya unokususa uphahla lwendlu kunye nokubetha udonga lwangaphandle. Phantse yonke imithi kunye neembonakalo zombane ezininzi ziyawa. Imimandla inokuvalwa, kananjalo ukulungiswa kuthatha iinyanga.
Igqabantshintshi lika-5. Isabelo esikhulu sezindlu ezakhiweyo zonakaliswa. Zimbalwa izakhiwo ngaphandle kwesimenti esomeleleyo eziyakwazi ukuma kakuhle. Ukuphinda uphile kuthatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka.
Izindlu ezihambahambayo kunye nezakhiwo ezilula
Indlu ehambahambayo, i-caravan, okanye indlu elula eyenziwe ngamaplanga okanye isiikhwa isenokonakaliswa kakhulu okanye yonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngumoya wesiqhwithi, nangeGqabantshintshi lika-1. Ukuba uhlala kweyenjalo, ceba ukurhoxa nakuwuphi na umkhondo wesiqhwithi. Jonga iphepha lethu malunga nezindlu ezihambahambayo.
Indlela yokusebenzisa igqabantshintshi xa uceba¶
Igqabantshintshi likuxelela oko umoya unakho ukukwenza kwisakhiwo sakho kunye nexesha umbane angaba ucimile. Alikuxeleli ukuba urhoxe na. Sebenzisa lo mlandu xa ufunda ukuqikelelwa kwemozulu:
- Jonga imandla yakho yokurhoxiswa. Ukuba amagosa athi urhoxe kwimandla yakho, rhoxa, nokuba igqabantshintshi lithini.
- Jonga ikhaya lakho. Indlu ehambahambayo, indlu enophahla olundala, okanye ikhaya elikwisitiya kufutshane namanzi lifuna umgangatho ophantsi wokurhoxa kunesakhiwo esomeleleyo esingaphakathi.
- Jonga ukuqikelelwa kwamaza amakhulu kunye nemvula. Oku kunika isigqibo sokuba indawo yakho inokuba manti kangakanani, kananjalo kunokuba kubi ngakumbi kunomoya nangegqabantshintshi eliphantsi.
- Ceba ngegqabantshintshi elinye ngaphezulu. Qokelela izinto ezifanayo kananjalo wenze icebo elifanayo. Ukuba isiqhwithi sihlala sibuthathaka, awulahlekelwa nto.
- Phinda ujonge isaziso ngasiyure zimbalwa. Ukuqikelelwa kutshintsha, kananjalo isaziso esilandelayo sinokushenxisa indawo yakho ingene okanye iphume kwisilumkiso.
Ukuba uhlala kude phakathi kwelizwe unendlu esomeleleyo kananjalo ngenamngciphiso wamaza amakhulu, iGqabantshintshi lika-1 linokuthetha ukucima umbane okude kunye nanto embi enye encinane. Ukuba uhlala elwandle, kwindawo ephantsi, okanye kufutshane nomlambo, igqabantshintshi elifanayo linganika ingozi yamanzi ngeeyure.
Iintlekele zemvula kunye neziqhwithi ezincinane¶
Asilo lonke eli sisistim i-hurricane. I-NHC isebenzisa umthetho omnye womoya ukwahlula amanqanaba abuthathaka.
| Inqanaba | Umoya owaziwayo |
|---|---|
| Intlekele yemvula | 62 km/h (38 mph) okanye ngaphantsi |
| Isiqhwithi esincinane | 63 ukuya ku-118 km/h (39 ukuya ku-73 mph) |
| I-Hurricane | 119 km/h (74 mph) okanye ngaphezulu |
Intlekele yemvula sisistim elungiswe inendlela yokujikeleza evalwe kodwa umoya obuthathaka. Isiqhwithi esincinane someleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukufumana igama. Umoya ufikelele ku-119 km/h (74 mph), siba i-hurricane.
Iziqhwithi ezincinane zifanele ukuhlonitshwa. Umoya wazo ucima umbane kananjalo uwisa imithi. Isiqhwithi esincinane okanye intlekele yemvula ecotha ukuhamba inokwehlisa nemvula enkulu kananjalo idale isikhukula esibulala kude kunxweme.
Amanye amazwe asebenzisa izikali ezahlukileyo¶
Isikali se-Saffir-Simpson sisetyenziswa kuLwandle lwe-Atlantiki kunye nePasifiki esempuma nasembindini. Amanye amajelo abala iziqhwithi ngendlela yawo, kananjalo amanani awohlulani.
| Ingingqi | Isikali okanye amagama | Oko kufanele ukwazi |
|---|---|---|
| I-Australia kunye noMzantsi-Pasifiki | Igqabantshintshi lika-1 ukuya ku-5 | Isekelwe kumaphefumlo asiqhelo omeleleyo, hayi umoya owaziwayo. Igqabantshintshi lesithathu lase-Australia liqala kumaphefumlo ka-165 km/h (103 mph) |
| I-Philippines (PAGASA) | Intlekele yemvula, isiqhwithi esincinane, isiqhwithi esincinane esinzulu, i-typhoon, i-super typhoon | I-super typhoon iqala ku-185 km/h (115 mph) |
| I-Japan (JMA) | I-typhoon, emva koko eyomeleleyo, eyomeleleyo kakhulu, enobundlongondlongo | Nasiphi na isiqhwithi esimalunga no-62 km/h (39 mph) okanye ngaphezulu sibizwa ngokuba i-typhoon |
| I-India kunye noLwandle lwaseIndiya elimntla (IMD) | Intlekele ukuya kwisiqhwithi esinzulu kakhulu se-cyclonic | Isiqhwithi se-cyclonic siqala ku-62 km/h (39 mph). Isiqhwithi esinzulu kakhulu se-cyclonic siqala ku-222 km/h (138 mph) |
| ULwandle lwaseIndiya oluMzantsi-ntshona (Météo-France) | Isiqhwithi esincinane esiphakathi ukuya kwisiqhwithi esinamandla kakhulu se-tropical | Amanqanaba abekwa ngomoya we-avareji. I-Météo-France itshintshe indlela ibala ngayo umoya owomeleleyo kakhulu ngeJuni 2026, ngoko jonga amaphepha ayo angoku |
Amaziko amaninzi angaphandle kweli zwe laseMelika abala umoya owaziwayo ngemizuzu 10, kunye neIndia ngemizuzu 3. I-avareji ende inika inani eliphantsi, ngoko isiqhwithi esifanayo singabukeka sibuthathaka kwisikali esinye kunesinye. Igama "super typhoon" lahlukile nalo. I-PAGASA ilisebenzisa ukusuka ku-185 km/h (115 mph), ngoxa i-US Joint Typhoon Warning Center igcine lo mba kumoya ka-241 km/h (150 mph) okanye ngaphezulu.
Sebenzisa isikali esisetyenziswa yinkonzo yakho yezelizwe yemozulu, kananjalo musa kuthelekisa amanani phakathi kwamazwe. Iphepha lethu malunga netyphoon, cyclone, kunye ne-hurricane emhlabeni wonke linezi tyala zipheleleyo.
Igqabantshintshi libala umoya kuphela¶
Isikali ngasinye kwezi sibala umoya. Akukho nasinye kuzo esikuxelela ngezinye iingozi isiqhwithi esizizisa.
- Amaza amakhulu edhoruba axhomekeke kubukhulu besiqhwithi, isantya sokuhamba kwaso phambili, umbombo esibetha kuwo unxweme, kunye noluhlu lwesakhiwo solwandle kufutshane nonxweme. Isiqhwithi esikhulu esibuthathaka singafaka amanzi amaninzi kunesincinane esomeleleyo.
- Imvula ixhomekeka ikakhulu kwindlela isiqhwithi sihamba ngokucothayo kunye nokuba sithwala ubumanzi obungakanani. Isiqhwithi esincinane esimisayo singadala isikhukula esibi kunesiGqabantshintshi lika-4 esikhawulezayo.
- Ubukhulu buyahluka. Iziqhwithi ezibini ezinegqabantshintshi elifanayo zinokuba neentsimbi zomoya ezohlukileyo kakhulu, kananjalo elikhulu lihlala lilimaza abantu abaninzi.
- Iintornado, imikhondo yokubuyela elwandle, kunye nomxabo azikho kwigqabantshintshi ngokupheleleyo.
Amanzi abulala abantu abaninzi kunomoya
Eli zwe laseMelika, amanzi adala ubukhulu becala lokufa ngqo ngenxa yesiqhwithi, ivela kumaza amakhulu, isikhukula esingaphakathi, kunye nemikhondo yokubuyela elwandle. Abantu bafile kwiziqhwithi zeGqabantshintshi lika-1 kunye nakwiziqhwithi ezincinane. Ukuba amagosa athi urhoxe kwindawo yamaza amakhulu okanye yesikhukula, rhoxa, nokuba igqabantshintshi lithini.
Iziqhwithi ezibonisa isikhewu¶
Ezi ziqhwithi zingamazekelo amahle wesizathu sokuba igqabantshintshi liyinxalenye yebali kuphela. Iinyani ezingezantsi zezo ezaziswayo ngokubanzi.
- I-Hurricane Dorian (2019) yafika emhlabeni eBahamas njengeGqabantshintshi lika-5 kananjalo yemiya phezu kweziqithi iiyure ezininzi. Isantya esicothileyo savumela umoya namanzi ukuba aqhubeke asebenza kwindawo efanayo ixesha elide.
- I-Hurricane Harvey (2017) yaba iGqabantshintshi lika-4 xa ifika eTexas, kodwa umonakalo omkhulu wavela kwimvula. Yacotha ngomzantsi-mpuma Texas kananjalo yehlisa imvula engaphezu kwe-60 inches (1,500 mm) kwezinye iindawo.
- I-Hurricane Ida (2021) yaba iGqabantshintshi lika-4 xa ifika eLouisiana. Intsalela yayo yadala isikhukula esibulala kuNew York naseNew Jersey, kude kwindawo eyafika kuyo.
- I-Hurricane Ian (2022) yaba iGqabantshintshi lika-4 xa ifika emzantsi-ntshona weFlorida, kananjalo amaza amakhulu edhoruba adala ubukhulu becala lokufa apho.
- I-Typhoon Haiyan (2013) yaba i-super typhoon xa yafika embindini wePhilippines, kananjalo amaza amakhulu edhoruba aba sisizathu esiphambili sokufa kwiindawo eziphathekileyo kakhulu.
Isifundo sifana konke apha. Yazi apho amanzi aza kuya, kananjalo uhambe ngaphambi kokuba afike.
Kutheni abantu baphosisa igqabantshintshi¶
Abantu abaninzi beva "ngeGqabantshintshi lika-1 kuphela" kananjalo benze isigqibo sokuhlala. Lo khetho ubize ubomi. Inani lilula ukulikhumbula nokulithelekisa, ngoko lifumana ingqwalaselo engaphezu kokuba lifanele.
Abaqikeleli bemozulu ngoku bakhupha ulwazi oluhlukileyo kumaza amakhulu kunye nemvula enkulu ngenxa yoku. Xa ujonga ukuqikelelwa, funda izinto ezithathu: igqabantshintshi lomoya, ukuqikelelwa kwamaza amakhulu kunxweme lwakho, kunye nokuqikelelwa kwemvula kwindawo yakho. Iphepha lethu malunga nezingozi zeziqhwithi lihambela nganye.
Indlela igqabantshintshi linokutshintsha ngaphambi kokufika emhlabeni¶
Igqabantshintshi lesiqhwithi sisithombe sexesha elinye. Iziqhwithi zinokomelela okanye zibuthathake ngokukhawuleza. Abaqikeleli bemozulu babiza oku ukomelela ngokukhawuleza xa umoya owaziwayo unyuka ngubuncinci ngo-55 km/h (35 mph) kwiiyure 24, okunokuguqula iGqabantshintshi lika-1 ibe yiGqabantshintshi lesithathu okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku olunye.
Ukomelela ngokukhawuleza kunzima ukuqikelelwa, kananjalo kuhlala kusenzeka kufutshane nonxweme. Kungoko icebo elikhuselekileyo kungaba lelokulungiselela igqabantshintshi elinye ngaphezu kokuqikelelwa. Isiqhwithi singabuthathaka nokuba ngaphambi kokufika emhlabeni kananjalo siqhubeke sizise amaza amakhulu kunye nemvula efanayo, ngoko inani eliphantsi asisizathu sokuyeka ukulungiselela.
Landela isaziso sakutshanje kuvela kwinkonzo yakho yezelizwe yemozulu, okanye i-NHC kuLwandle lwe-Atlantiki kunye nePasifiki esempuma, kunye nemiyalelo yamagosa akho asingqongileyo.