Ii-typhoon, ii-cyclone, kunye nee-hurricane emhlabeni wonke¶

I-hurricane, i-typhoon, kunye ne-cyclone ziluhlobo olufanayo lwesiqhwithi ngamagama ahlukileyo ngendawo. Oko kutshintshayo ukusuka kwindawo kwindawo kuleqelo lezaziso: amagama, amanani, imibala, kunye namaxesha. Eli phepha lichaza amagama, amanqaku olwandle kunye namaxesha azo, kananjalo indlela izaziso zisebenza ngayo kwizingingqi eziphambili zeziqhwithi, ukwenzela ukuba ukwazi ukusebenzisa ileqelo kwindawo ohlala kuyo okanye kwindawo okhona kuyo.

Ukuba wenza izinto ezintathu kuphela¶

• Funda inkonzo yakho yezelizwe yemozulu kananjalo ufunde amanqanaba amabini okanye amathathu aphambili eleqelo layo lezaziso. I-iphepha lakho lendawo liyichaza.
• Bhala oko uza kukwenza kwinqanaba ngalinye: lungiselela, gqibezela ulungiselelo, rhoxa okanye uhlale.
• Xa uhamba, funda ileqelo lendawo ngomhla wokuqala. Imithetho yasekhaya ayihambi nawe.

Isiqhwithi esinye, amagama amathathu¶

Izazi-nzululwazi zibiza zonke ezi ziqhwithi ngokuba ii-tropical cyclone. Igama losuku ngosuku lixhomekeke kulwandle isiqhwithi esivela kulo.

Isiqhwithi esiwela ukusuka kwingingqi enye ukuya kwenye silitshintsha nje igama laso. I-hurricane evundlelana ngasentshona iwela umda we-International Date Line ePasifiki iba i-typhoon. Akukho nto itshintshayo ngesiqhwithi ngokwaso.

Amanqanaba abuthathaka nawo anamagama endawo. Isistim esingekabi sisiqhwithi esipheleleyo singabizwa ngokuba intlekele yemvula, i-tropical low (eAustralia), intlekele okanye intlekele enzulu (eIndia), okanye intlekele ye-tropical (kuLwandle lwaseIndiya oluMzantsi-ntshona). Nasiphi na kwezi singazisa isikhukula esibulala.

Kutheni amanani ahluka phakathi kwamaziko¶

Amaziko abala umoya ngendlela ezohlukileyo kancinane. I-US National Hurricane Center (NHC) isebenzisa umoya we-avareji ngomzuzu omnye. Uninzi lwezinye izinkonzo zelizwe, kuquka ezo zaseJapan, ePhilippines, eHong Kong, kunye nase-Australia, kananjalo inkonzo yaseFrance kuLwandle lwaseIndiya, isebenzisa avareji yemizuzu 10. IIndia isebenzisa avareji yemizuzu 3.

Avareji ende inika inani eliphantsi ngesiqhwithi esifanayo. Ngoko inani lamandla lelizwe elinye lingabukeka libuthathaka kune lelinye, nalapho avumelana ngesiqhwithi. Isikali se-Australia segqabantshintshi sakhiwe nasekusebenzisa amaphefumlo asiqhelo omeleleyo, hayi umoya we-avareji.

Isifundo esinokwenziwa silula. Musa kuthelekisa amanani phakathi kwamazwe, kananjalo musa kusebenzisa isikali selizwe elinye ukugweba isaziso kwelinye. Funda oko inkonzo yakho yezelizwe yemozulu ithi isiqhwithi siza kwenza kwindawo yakho, kananjalo wenze oko ikuxelela.

Amanqaku olwandle kunye namaxesha azo¶

Inqaku ngalinye lolwandle linexesha laso, nanjengoko ngalinye linomzi wendawo osemthethweni owaziqwalasela kananjalo unika izigidimi kuzo zonke iinkonzo zelizwe zemozulu kuloo ngingqi. I-World Meteorological Organization (WMO) icwangcisa la maziko. Iziqhwithi zinakho ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwezi nyanga, ngoko gcina isixhobo esisisiseko unyaka wonke.

Ingingqi yePasifiki esentshona oMntla iyeyona ixakekileyo kunene emhlabeni. I-Japan Meteorological Agency ibala avareji yeetyphoon ezimalunga no-25 ngonyaka kumaxwebhu ayo, kananjalo iPAGASA, inkonzo yemozulu yePhilippines, ithi ii-tropical cyclone ezimalunga no-20 zingena kummandla wayo kwaminyaka onke.

ULwandle lwaseIndiya oMntla, iziqhwithi zithanda ukwenzeka ngaphambi nangasemva kwe-monsoon yehlobo, hayi ngexesha layo eliphezulu. Kungoko iIndia, iBangladesh, iMyanmar, kunye neSri Lanka ziqwalasela umseqo wasentwasahlobo kunye nowasekwindla.

Amaxesha asemzantsi weHemisphere ahamba ewela unyaka omtsha. Kusapho kuMozambique, kuMadagascar, kuFiji, okanye emntla we-Australia, iiveki ezinomngciphiso okukhulu zidla ngokubakho ngeeholide zehlobo. Iphepha lethu malunga nehurricane season lichaza ukuba ngubani oqikelela ingingqi nganye kunye noko ixesha ngalinye liqala.

Ngubani obiza iziqhwithi amagama¶

Amagama anceda abantu balandele izaziso kananjalo baphephe ukubhidanisa iziqhwithi ezibini ngaxeshanye. I-WMO ithi amagama amafutshane, ahlukileyo, ehlisa ukubhideka kunye neempazamo kwizaziso. Amagama avunyelwana kwangaphambili ngamakomiti engingqi akhiwe ngamazwe kummandla ngamnye, kungekhe kwisiqhwithi ngasinye.

I-Atlantiki kunye nePasifiki esempuma. I-NHC isebenzisa uluhlu lwamagama alithandathu olujikelezayo, ngoko uluhlu lubuya minyaka mithandathu nganye. IPasifiki esempuma inoluhlu lwayo. Amagama atshintshana phakathi kwamagama abafazi kunye namadoda ngendlela ye-alphabet. Xa isiqhwithi sibulala kakhulu okanye sonakalise kakhulu, ikomiti yengingqi ye-WMO ithatha igama laso kananjalo ikhethe elinye.

IPasifiki esentshona. Amalungu e-ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee ngamnye anikela amagama. I-Japan Meteorological Agency inikezela isiqhwithi ngasinye igama elilandelayo kuluhlu oluhlanganyelweyo, kananjalo uluhlu aluqali kwakhona kunyaka ngamnye. Amagama amaninzi ngamagama ezilwanyana, iintyatyambo, okanye iindawo.

IPhilippines. IPAGASA inika negama lendawo yesiFilipino kwinye nasiphi isiqhwithi esisemmandleni wayo. I-typhoon enye inokuba namagama amabini ngaxeshanye: igama lamanye amazwe kunye negama lePAGASA. Izigidimi kunye neendaba zaseFilipino zisebenzisa igama lendawo, ngoko funda omabini xa isiqhwithi sikufuphi.

ULwandle lwaseIndiya oMntla. I-India Meteorological Department ibiza iziqhwithi amagama avela kuluhlu olunikelweyo ngamazwe akufuphi neBay of Bengal kunye noLwandle lwe-Arabian. Isistim ifumana igama kuphela xa ifikelela umoya wesiqhwithi se-cyclonic, 62 km/h (39 mph). Intlekele engenagama inakho ukuzisa isikhukula esibi.

Umzantsi weHemisphere. Iziqhwithi kuLwandle lwaseIndiya oluMzantsi-ntshona zibizwa ngamagama ngeziko lengingqi eLa Réunion, kananjalo iFiji Meteorological Service ibiza iziqhwithi kuMzantsi-Pasifiki amagama. I-Bureau of Meteorology ibiza iziqhwithi kummandla wase-Australia amagama. Iziko ngalinye lisebenza kunye neenkonzo zelizwe zeziqithi kunye namazwe aliqukayo.

Indlela izaziso zisebenza ngayo kwingingqi nganye¶

Ilizwe ngalinye likhupha izaziso zomhlaba walo. Amaziko engingqi afana ne-NHC, i-Japan Meteorological Agency, i-India Meteorological Department, kunye ne-Météo-France eLa Réunion aqikelela isiqhwithi, kodwa inkonzo yakho yezelizwe yemozulu imisela izaziso zendawo yakho, kananjalo urhulumente wakho wendawo unika imiyalelo yokurhoxiswa. Amashwankathelo angezantsi akunceda ukubona isistim nganye. I-iphepha lakho lendawo linamaziko kunye nemiqolo yelizwe lakho.

IAtlantiki kunye nePasifiki esempuma: izilumkiso kunye nezaziso¶

Eli zwe laseMelika, amazwe amaninzi aseCaribbean, iMexico, uMbindi Afrika oMelika, iBermuda, kunye neCanada, zisebenzisa izilumkiso kunye nezaziso. Urhulumente ngamnye ukhupha ezakhe, kananjalo i-NHC izixela kwiingcebiso zayo.

• Isilumkiso sithetha iimeko zinakho ukwenzeka. Sikhutshwa malunga neeyure 48 ngaphambi komoya wesiqhwithi esincinane, malunga ku-63 km/h (39 mph), ulindelwe.
• Isaziso sithetha iimeko zilindelwe. Sikhutshwa malunga neeyure 36 ngaphambi komoya wesiqhwithi esincinane ulindelwe.
• Umva ubalelwa ekuqalisweni koloo moya, hayi ekufikeni kombindi wesiqhwithi, kuba kulapho ulungiselelo lwangaphandle lusilwela ukhuseleko.

Eli zwe laseMelika likhupha nezilumkiso kunye nezaziso zamaza amakhulu edhoruba, izaziso zomoya ophehlwa ngamandla kakhulu, kunye namanye amaziso amazwe amaninzi awanawo. Iphepha lethu malunga neizilumkiso ezichasene nezaziso lichaza esinye ngasinye.

IMexico: imibala yesilumkiso¶

Ngokubandakanya izilumkiso kunye nezaziso, isistim ye-civil protection yaseMexico isebenzisa isikali sombala sesaziso sangaphambili se-tropical cyclone, esibizwa ngokuba iSIAT-CT. Imibala ihamba isuka kwinqanaba eliphantsi lengozi ukuya ebomvu, elisesiphezulu. Umbala uxhomekeke kumzuzu i-siqhwithi silindeleke ngawo, kananjalo imithombo iyahluka ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lwemibala, ngoko jonga itshati yangoku.

Umbala kwilizwe okanye umasipala wakho ukuxelela oko i-civil protection ikulindele ukukwenza. Landela iofisi yakho ye-civil protection yelizwe kunye noomasipala ngemiyalelo yokurhoxiswa kunye nezindawo zokuhlala.

ICuba: amanqanaba e-civil defense¶

I-Civil Defense yaseCuba ibiza amanqanaba kwiphondo ngalinye njengokuba isiqhwithi sisondela: inqanaba lenkcukazwe, isilumkiso se-cyclone, isaziso se-cyclone, kunye nenqanaba lokuphinda uphile emva kokuba sidlule. Inqanaba lesaziso lesona linobunzima, kananjalo lithetha isiqhwithi sikufuphi. Landela ibhodi lakho le-Civil Defense lendawo ngemiyalelo yokurhoxiswa.

IPhilippines: izityhilelo zomoya zePAGASA¶

IPAGASA iphakamisa iTropical Cyclone Wind Signals kwiphondo okanye kumasipala ngamnye, zibalelwa ku-No. 1 ukuya ku-No. 5. Inani eliphezulu lithetha umoya owomeleleyo ngakumbi kunye nexesha elincinane lokulungiselela. Isityhilelo esiphantsi sinika ixesha elingaphezulu, kananjalo esiphezulu, sikumoya we-super typhoon, sinika ixesha elincinane kunene.

Isityhilelo simalunga nomoya kuphela. IPAGASA ikhupha izaziso zemvula kunye nezamaza amakhulu edhoruba ngokwahlukileyo, kananjalo isikhukula kunye nokutyhafa komhlaba kubulala abantu abaninzi nasesityhilelweni esiphantsi. Urhulumente wakho we-barangay, isixeko, okanye umasipala ugweba ukurhoxiswa, kananjalo unganika umyalelo ngaphambi kokuba isityhilelo sinyuke. Landela iimiyalelo yawo.

IPAGASA inika amagama amanqanaba nawo: intlekele yemvula, isiqhwithi esincinane, isiqhwithi esincinane esinzulu, i-typhoon, kunye ne-super typhoon. Jonga iwebhsayithi yePAGASA ngemida kamoya yangoku, kuba zihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile.

IHong Kong kunye neMacao: izityhilelo ezinamanani¶

I-Hong Kong Observatory isebenzisa uluhlu lwezityhilelo ezinamanani. Amanani awela ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-3 ukuya ku-8, nto leyo imangalisa iindwendwe ezininzi.

Xa iNo. 8 inyuswa, izikolo kunye nendawo zomsebenzi ezininzi zivaliwe kananjalo uthutho loluntu luyacotha. Ceba ukuba sele usekhaya, okanye naphi na apho uza kukhusela khona, ngaphambi kokuba iNo. 8 inyuke, kananjalo hlala ngaphakathi de isityhilelo sehliswe. IMacao isebenzisa izityhilelo ezinamanani nazo, zikhutshwa yiofisi yayo yemozulu.

IJapan: izaziso kunye namanqanaba okurhoxa¶

I-Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ikhupha izaziso kunye nezilumkiso zomoya wesiqhwithi, amaza amaphezulu, amaza amakhulu edhoruba, kunye nemvula enkulu. Isaziso sayo esinobunzima kunene sisaziso esizodwa, sikhutshwa xa intlekele kumgangatho onqabileyo ilindelwe. IJMA ichaza amandla etyphoon ngokuba somelele, somelele kakhulu, okanye enobundlongondlongo.

Isixeko, idolophu, okanye ilali yakho ikhupha ulwazi lokurhoxiswa kwisikali esinamanqanaba amahlanu. Lisebenzise ukugweba xa uza kushenxa.

Inqanaba 4 ngumzuzu apho wonke umntu endaweni enengozi ekufanele ayi ashenxe ngoku. Inqanaba 5 lingakhutshwa ngaphambi kokuba ingozi ifike, ngoko musa kulinda ukuba likhutshwe.

UMhlaba waseChina, iTaiwan, iVietnam, kunye neSouth Korea¶

I-China Meteorological Administration ikhupha izaziso ze-typhoon ngemibala emine: eblue, etyheli, eorenji, kunye nebomvu, ebomvu iyeyobunzima obukhulu kunene. ITaiwan's Central Weather Administration ikhupha izaziso ze-typhoon zolwandle kunye nomhlaba. Inkonzo yaseVietnam ye-hydro meteorological kunye neKorea Meteorological Administration zikhupha ezabo iingcebiso kunye nezaziso ze-typhoon. Kuwo onke la, urhulumente wendawo unika imiyalelo yokurhoxiswa kunye nokuvalwa, ngoko landela.

IIndia: izaziso ze-cyclone zamanqanaba amane kunye nemibala¶

I-India Meteorological Department (IMD) ilumkisa oorhulumente wamaphondo ngamanqanaba amane, kananjalo inqanaba ngalinye linombala.

Kumaphepha awo emozulu yesithili, i-IMD isebenzisa nemibala yefuthe: egreen ithetha akukho sinyanzelo esifunekayo, eyela ithetha hlala uqaphele, eorenji ithetha lungiselela, kunye nebomvu ithetha thatha isenzo. Urhulumente wephondo lakho kunye nolawulo lwesithili bagweba ukurhoxiswa kunye nokuvula iindawo zokuhlala ze-cyclone. Izaziso zihamba neradiyo kunye netelevishini nazo.

I-IMD inika amagama amanqanaba amandla ngamanyathelo: intlekele, intlekele enzulu, isiqhwithi se-cyclonic (62 km/h, 39 mph, okanye ngaphezulu), isiqhwithi se-cyclonic esinzulu, isiqhwithi se-cyclonic esinzulu kakhulu, kunye nesiqhwithi se-cyclonic esinamandla kakhulu (222 km/h, 138 mph, okanye ngaphezulu).

IBangladesh: izityhilelo zezibuko¶

I-Bangladesh Meteorological Department iphakamisa izityhilelo ezinamanani, ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-11, kwizibuko zolwandle. Izibuko zomlambo zisebenzisa uluhlu olufutshane olwahlukileyo lwezityhilelo. Amanani achaza ingozi kwisibuko.

Abantu bonxweme bahlala bebala isityhilelo sesibuko njengesikhombiso sabo, kananjalo urhoxiswa kwizindawo zokuhlala ze-cyclone kugwetywa ngurhulumente. Abavoluntiya be-Cyclone Preparedness Programme basasaza izaziso kwiilali zonxweme. Landela imiyalelo yabo kunye nolawulo lwendawo yakho.

I-Australia: amagqabantshintshi, izilumkiso, kunye nezaziso¶

I-Bureau of Meteorology ihlela ii-cyclone ukusuka kwiGqabantshintshi lika-1 ukuya kwelika-5, ngokomongo wesiqhelo wamaphefumlo omeleleyo kunene.

IBureau ikhupha isilumkiso se-cyclone esincinane xa amaphefumlo omeleleyo elindelwe afikelele emhlabeni ngaphakathi kweeyure 48, kunye nesaziso se-cyclone esincinane xa amaphefumlo elindelwe ngaphakathi kweeyure 24 okanye esekwenzeka ngoku. Iinkonzo zophuthumileyo zamaphondo kunye noomasipala zikhupha ngoko izaziso ze-Australian Warning System kumanqanaba amathathu: Icebiso, Lumkisa kananjalo Wenze, kunye neSaziso Esiphuthumileyo. ISaziso Esiphuthumileyo sithetha wenza ngoku ukukhusela wena.

Iziqithi zoMzantsi-Pasifiki¶

I-Fiji Meteorological Service iqikelela uMzantsi-Pasifiki kananjalo isebenzisa isikali esifana nesase-Australia esisuka kwiGqabantshintshi lika-1 ukuya kwelika-5. Ilizwe ngalinye leziqithi linenkonzo yemozulu yalo ekhupha izilumkiso kunye nezaziso zeziqithi zalo, kananjalo iofisi yalo yolawulo lwentlekele inika imiyalelo. Kwiziqithi ezincinane, uncedo lunganyuka kuthatha iintsuku, ngoko lungiselela ukuzinonophela ixesha elide.

ULwandle lwaseIndiya oluMzantsi-ntshona: iRéunion, iMauritius, iMadagascar, iMozambique¶

I-Météo-France eLa Réunion iqikelela iziqhwithi kulo lonke uLwandle lwaseIndiya oluMzantsi-ntshona kananjalo ihlela ngomoya we-avareji, ukusuka kwisiqhwithi se-tropical esiphakathi ukuya kwisiqhwithi se-tropical esinamandla kakhulu. Jonga amagama ayo angoku, kuba amagama yomoya owomeleleyo kunene atshintshile.

Kwi-Réunion, isistim yesilumkiso se-cyclone ihamba amanqanaba acace. Isilumkiso esiyela sangaphambili sithetha umngciphiso onakho ukwenzeka kwiintsuku ezizayo, ngoko fumana ulwazi kananjalo uqale ukucoshisa izixhobo. Eorenji ithetha umngciphiso ukufuphi ngakumbi: lungiselela ikhaya lakho kunye nelicebo lokukhuselwa ngoku. Ebomvu ithetha ingozi ikufuphi.

Kubomvu, hlala ekhaya okanye kwindawo yakho yokukhuselwa, kananjalo musa kuhamba. Eyasolintsini isetyenziselwa iziqhwithi ezigqithisileyo ngakumbi, kananjalo kufuneka uhlale kwindawo yakho ngesilumkiso sonke.

Emva kwesiqhwithi, inqanaba lokugcinwa liqala. Isiqhwithi sidlule, kodwa iingozi zisalapho, njengamanzi aphantsi, imilambo evuzayo, kunye neencingo ezilileyo zombane.

IMauritius, iMadagascar, kunye neMozambique zikhupha ezabo izaziso zelizwe, ngeenkonzo zazo zemozulu kunye namaziko azo entlekele. Landela ezo miyalelo kunye namagosa akho asingqongileyo. Kuzo zonke ezi ndawo, imilambo inakho ukukhukula iintsuku emva kokuba umoya udlule.

Umthetho osebenza yonke indawo¶

Nokuba ukhona naphi, imithetho emibalwa ifanayo iyakugcina ukhuselekile.

• Landela inkonzo yakho yezelizwe yemozulu ngezaziso kunye nurhulumente wakho wendawo ngemiyalelo yokurhoxiswa. Igama labo lelokugqibela.
• Funda amanqanaba ngaphambi kokuba ixesha liqale. Esiqhwithini, akukho ixesha lokuzifunela.
• Musa kugweba ingozi ngenani elinye. Amanzi avela kumaza amakhulu edhoruba kunye nemvula abulala abantu abaninzi kunomoya, kananjalo kunokwenzeka nakwinqanaba elinye nelinye.
• Yenza ngoku. Isistim nganye engentla inika izaziso zayo kunexesha lokulungiselela, kananjalo loo xesha liphela njengoko umoya ufika.
• Ukuba ungumndwendwe, buza ihotele okanye umnini-khaya wakho indlela izaziso zisebenza ngayo kulapho, kananjalo jonga iphepha lethu malunga neiindwendwe kunye noohambi.

Izikhokelo ezihlobene¶

• Izilumkiso ezichasene nezaziso zeziqhwithi
• Amagqabantshintshi eziqhwithi achazwayo
• Lixesha lini isizini ye-hurricane
• Iizixhobo zesemthethweni zeziqhwithi
• Uncedo lwendawo olukufuphi nawe