Iingozi zeziqhwithi: amaza, umoya, imvula, iintornado¶

Eli phepha lichaza iingozi eziza nesiqhwithi, i-typhoon, okanye i-cyclone, kunye noko ukufanele ukwenze ngayo nganye. Isiqhwithi sizisa iingozi ezininzi ngaxeshanye: amaza amakhulu edhoruba, umoya, isikhukula semvula, umxabo, iintornado, kunye nemikhondo yokubuyela elwandle. Emva koko iseti entsha yeengozi ilandela emva kokuba sidlule. Ukwazi ezi zingozi zilimaza abantu ngokwenene kukunceda usebenzise ixesha lakho lokulungiselela apho kubaluleke khona.

Ukuba wenza izinto ezintathu kuphela¶

• Fumanisa ukuba ikhaya lakho likwindawo yamaza amakhulu edhoruba okanye yokurhoxiswa ngenxa yesikhukula, kananjalo wenze isigqibo ngoku sokuba ungaya phi.
• Soze uhambe okanye uqhube emanzini esikhukula, ngexesha lesiqhwithi okanye emva kwaso.
• Funda iingozi zemva kwesiqhwithi, ngakumbi iijenereyitha kunye necarbon monoxide, kuba ukufa okuninzi kwenzeka emva kokuba umoya uyeka.

Umthetho olula: baleka amanzi, zimela umoya¶

Abaphathi besiqhuba-ngqondo baphinda umthetho omnye ixesha ngalinye: baleka amanzi, zimela umoya. Ukuba ikhaya lakho likwindawo enokuba sisikhukula ngenxa yolwandle okanye imilambo, uhamba ngaphambi kwesiqhwithi. Ukuba akunjalo, kananjalo ikhaya lakho lisomeleleyo, ukuzikhusela kwigumbi elingaphakathi ngesiqhelo kukhuselekile ngakumbi kunokuqhuba usiya esiqhwithini.

Liphi ingozi ibaluleke ngakumbi apho uhlala¶

Uninzi lwabantu lujongene neengozi ezininzi, kodwa enye ihlala ibaluleke ngakumbi. Sebenzisa le tyala ukwenza isigqibo sokuba uqale phi. Emva koko funda icandelo lengozi leyo ngokupheleleyo.

Amaza amakhulu edhoruba¶

Amaza amakhulu edhoruba ngamanzi olwandle aphehlelelwa emhlabeni ngumoya wesiqhwithi. Asilo iwave elinye. Amanzi olwandle onke anyuka, ngamanye amaxesha ngemitha ezininzi, kananjalo ahlala aphezulu iiyure ezininzi, amaza angaphezulu kwawo akwenza kube kubi ngakumbi. Amanzi asasazeka phakathi kwelizwe ngezitrato, imifereji, imilambo, kunye nomhlaba ophantsi.

Amaza amakhulu edhoruba ebe sele yiyona nxalenye iyingozi ngakumbi yeziqhwithi ixesha elide. I-National Hurricane Center (NHC) yafumanisa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sokufa ngenxa ye-hurricane eMelika ukusuka ngo-1963 ukuya ku-2012 kwavela kumaza amakhulu edhoruba. Kwihlabathi lonke, iziqhwithi eziyingozi ngakumbi erekhodeni zibulele uninzi lwabo babhubhayo ngamaza amakhulu edhoruba. I-cyclone yeBhola yangeenyaka ze-1970, kweliziko ngoku elibizwa iBangladesh, yabulala amakhulu amakhulu abantu, ikakhulu ngamaza amakhulu.

Amanzi anganyuka ngokukhawuleza, kananjalo amaxesha amaninzi afika ngaphambi kombindini wesiqhwithi, abantu besacinga banexesha. Amanzi asinda kakhulu, kananjalo amanzi ashukumayo kunye namaza anganyusa izindlu kumasisi azo. Iimoto, ekuxhomekeke kuzo abantu abaninzi ukuphepha, zihlala zizinto zokuqala ukusilela.

Oko kulawula amaza amakhulu¶

Amaza amakhulu edhoruba axhomekeke kubukhulu besiqhwithi, isantya saso, umbombo saso, kunye noluhlu lwesakhiwo solwandle kufutshane nonxweme. Unxweme olusesantya esiphantsi kunye nesibhuku lufumana amaza amakhulu ngakumbi. Isiqhwithi esibuthathaka esikhulu kakhulu singaphehlelela amanzi amaninzi kunesincinane esomeleleyo.

Amaza amakhulu nawo ahamba enyuke imilambo kunye nemifereji. Oko kuthetha ikhaya elikude kunxweme lingasenokusikhukula. Musa kuqikelela umngciphiso wakho ngokusekelwe kumgama phakathi kwakho kunye nolwandle.

Oko ukufanele ukwenze ngamaza amakhulu¶

1. Fumana imandla yakho ngoku. Amazwe amaninzi ayila amaza amakhulu kunye nemimandla yokurhoxiswa. Sebenzisa iphepha lethu malunga nemimandla yokurhoxiswa kunye nephepha lakho lendawo loncedo ukufumana elakho.
2. Rhoxa xa amagosa athi urhoxe, ngaphambi kokuba umoya uqalise. Iindlela ziyazala, iibhulorho zinganokuvala, kananjalo iiyure zokugqibela zisona sixa esiyingozi sokuqhuba.
3. Ukuba akukwazi ukuhamba, ndimele umgangatho ophezulu okhuselekileyo wesakhiwo esomeleleyo. Yenza oku kuphela ukuba amagosa awazi uxelele ukuba uhambe.
4. Ukuba amanzi anyuka eye kwindlu yeroko, hamba kwangaphambili. Indlu yeroko iyiyona nketho yokugqibela, kananjalo ukucanda uphahla kwisikhukula kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza.

Awufuni ukuhamba kude ngaxeshana. Ukushiya indawo yamaza amakhulu amaxesha amaninzi kuthetha ukuhamba iikhilomitha ezimbalwa (iimayile ezimbalwa) phakathi kwelizwe okanye kwindawo ephakamileyo.

Isikhukula semvula¶

Isikhukula semvula singenzeka iikhulu zeekhilomitha (iikhulu zeemayile) kude kunxweme kunye neentsuku emva kokufika emhlabeni. Kwiziqhwithi zakutshanje, imvula ibangele isabelo esikhulu sokufa, kananjalo singonakalisa ngakumbi kunomoya. Kwamazwe eentaba njengePhilippines, Taiwan, iJapan, iHaiti, kunye ne-Central America, isikhukula semvula kunye nomxabo amaxesha amaninzi zizo ezibulala ngakumbi.

Imvula embi ngakumbi ivela kwiziqhwithi ezihamba ngokucothayo okanye ezimayo, kuba zehlisa imvula kumhlaba ofanayo iiyure okanye iintsuku. Imilambo amaxesha amaninzi ifikelela kumngcelele wayo usuku okanye imini ezimbini emva kokuba imvula iyeka, ngoko isikhukula singaba sibi ngakumbi isibhakabhaka sisacocekayo. Iziqhwithi ezibuthathaka kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi zinganika imvula engako njengeziqhwithi ezomeleleyo.

Ukufa okuninzi kwesikhukula kwenzeka xa abantu baqhuba okanye bahamba emanzini. I-US National Weather Service ilumkisa ukuba malunga nesentimitha 15 (iinchi 6) zamanzi ahambayo ngokukhawuleza zingawisa umntu omdala. Malunga nesentimitha 30 (ifuti 1) yamanzi agubhayo zinganyusa iimoto ezininzi, kananjalo malunga nesentimitha 60 (iifuti 2) zinganyusa i-SUV kunye nemalori. Indlela engaphantsi kwamanzi nayo inganokuba iphelile.

Ukuba amanzi anyuka ejikeleze wena¶

• Hamba ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo okanye umgangatho ophezulu ukuba unako ukwenza oku ngokhuseleko. Musa kuhamba okanye kwela emanzini ashukumayo ukuya apho.
• Musa kuphatha izitshixo zombane okanye izixhobo ngoxa umi emanzini. Ukuba unako ukufikelela kwi-breaker ephambili ungemi emanzini, cima umbane apho.
• Gcina abantwana kunye nezilwanyana kude namanzi. Amanzi esikhukula angafihla izibi ezibukhali, imingxuma evulekileyo, kunye nemanzi angcolileyo.
• Fowunela inombolo yakho yesiqhuba-ngqondo yendawo (911 eMelika naseKhanada) ukuba ubanjwe kananjalo awukwazi ukufikelela endaweni ekhuselekileyo.

Iphepha lethu malunga nesikhukula ngexesha lesiqhwithi liphathelele oku nganakumbi. Kwiziqhwithi eziza nemvula iintsuku ezininzi, jonga iziqhwithi ezide.

Umxabo kunye nodaka olushukumayo¶

Imvula enkulu kumhlaba onemiqolomba inganyusa phantsi induli, amaxesha amaninzi ebusuku kananjalo ngesilumkiso esincinci. Umxabo kunye nodaka olushukumayo zigqibezela izindlu, iindlela, kunye nezithuthi, kananjalo zinganokwenzeka kude kunxweme.

Izikhombiso zesilumkiso ziquka ukwaqamba okutsha emhlabeni okanye kuludonga, imithi okanye izinti ezithambile, amanzi aludaka ngesiquphe kwimilambo encinane, kunye nesandi esikhahlelayo. Ukuba uhlala phezu okanye ngaphantsi komqolomba onqabileyo, okanye kufutshane nomsele, ceba ukuhamba ngaphambi kokuba imvula enkulu ifike. Landela izilumkiso zomxabo zorhulumente wendawo yakho, kananjalo soze uzikhusele kwigumbi elijongene nomqolomba.

Ukuba umhlaba uqalisa ukushukuma, suka kumqolomba kananjalo uhambe ngecaleni kwawo, hayi ngezantsi emkhondweni wawo. Emva koko fowunela inombolo yakho yesiqhuba-ngqondo yendawo kusuka kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Umoya kunye nezibi ezibhabhayo¶

Umoya we-hurricane uwisa uphahla, ukrazula imithi, kananjalo uguqula izinto eziqhelekileyo zibe ngamazibi. Uninzi lokonzakala komoya luvela kuzibi, hayi kumoya ngokwawo. Isebe, ipheyile yophahla, okanye isitulo sepatiyo esihamba kwisantya sendlela enkulu singangena kwifestile okanye sibethe umntu.

Umoya owomeleleyo kakhulu ukwindilu yeliso ejikeleze umbindi, kodwa umoya wesiqhwithi esincinane ufika iiyure ngaphambili kananjalo ufikelela kude nombindi. Umoya uthi ufikelele malunga no-63 km/h (39 mph), ukuba ngaphandle okanye endleleni kuba ingozi. Umoya uhlala womelele ngakumbi phezulu kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo. Ukuba uhlala kwiflethi ephakamileyo, funda iphepha lethu malunga nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo.

Apho ukufanele ube khona ngexesha lomoya owomeleleyo kakhulu¶

Khetha igumbi elingaphakathi elingenamafestile, kumgangatho ophantsi ongekhe unesikhukula. Ibhafu, ikloseti, okanye umbindi wesithabathaba embindini wesakhiwo usebenza kakuhle. Beka iindonga ezininzi ngangoko unako phakathi kwakho kunye nangaphandle. Ukuba ukwiflethi, jonga icebo lesakhiwo sakho, kuba ezinye izakhiwo zibala indawo ethile yokuzikhusela.

Ukuzikhusela okuhle ngaphezulu komoya kungaba isakhiwo esomeleleyo, igumbi elingaphakathi, kunye nokuhlala kude kumafestile. Ngenisa okanye ubophe nantonkhe engaxhonziweyo ngaphambi kwesiqhwithi. Ukuba uhlala kwindlu ehambahambayo, i-caravan, okanye indlu elula eyenziwe ngamaplanga okanye isiikhwa, ceba ukuhamba kuyo nayiphi na i-hurricane. Jonga izindlu ezihambahambayo kunye nokulungiselela ikhaya lakho.

Iintornado kwimikhanyazo yangaphandle¶

I-hurricane ihlala idala iintornado, ikakhulu kwimikhanyazo yemvula yecala elisekunene elijongene nendlela yayo yokuhamba, kwisicwangciso sentla. Kwisicwangciso sezantsi, njengokujikeleza i-Australia, iMozambique, iMadagascar, kunye noMzantsi-Pasifiki, licala elisekhohlo. Iintornado ze-hurricane ngesiqhelo zihlala ixesha elifutshane kunezinye iintornado, kodwa zidaleka ngokukhawuleza kananjalo zinika isilumkiso esincinci. Zinganokufika kudala ngaphambi kombindini kananjalo kude phakathi kwelizwe.

Gcina izaziso zefowuni yakho zivuliwe ngaso sonke isiqhwithi. Xa isaziso sentornado sifika, hamba kwigumbi elingaphakathi kumgangatho ophantsi ongekhe unesikhukula, kananjalo uhlale apho de isaziso siphele. Funda nganakumbi kwiiintornado ngexesha le-hurricane.

Imikhondo yokubuyela elwandle kunye namaza aphezulu¶

Isiqhwithi esikude iikhulu zeekhilomitha (iikhulu zeemayile) elwandle sisenokubulala abantu ngelunxweni. Amaza amakhulu ahamba kude ngaphambi kwesiqhwithi kananjalo adala imikhondo yokubuyela elwandle eyomeleleyo etsala abaqubi kude kunxweme. Oku kufa amaxesha amaninzi kwenzeka ngemihla elangathi, kude kwisiqhwithi ngokwaso.

Hlala kude nolwandle xa isistim yetropiki ikwindawo, nokuba imozulu ibukeka ilungile. Ukuba umkhondo wokubuyela elwandle ukubamba, musa kuwulwa. Qubha ngokulinganayo nonxweme de ukhululeke, emva koko uqubhe ubuyele ngombombo, okanye undenze kananjalo ukhwaze uncedo.

Musa kuhamba ngeendonga zolwandle, iiza, okanye amatye ukubukela amaza. Amaza amakhulu angakhukula abantu ngesiquphe.

Emva kwesiqhwithi: iingozi ezibulala ngokuthi cwaka¶

Abantu abaninzi bafa emva kwe-hurricane, hayi ngexesha layo. Iimbangela ziqhelekileyo, oko kukwenza kube yingozi ngakumbi. Abantu bayeka ukulumkela kwakuba umoya umi, kananjalo badinwe, bashushu, kananjalo bakhawulezile.

• I-carbon monoxide evela kwiijenereyitha, iigrili, iisitovu zekhokhoni, okanye izithuthi ezisebenza ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane kakhulu kumafestile. Ayinavumba kananjalo ibulala abantu belele.
• Ukufa ngombane okuvela kwincingo zombane eziwileyo kunye namanzi athintile uthungelwano oluphilileyo. Phatha incingo nganye ngokungathi iphilile, uhlale kude kakhulu, kananjalo uxele kwinkampani yakho yombane kunye negosa lakho lesiqhuba-ngqondo yendawo.
• Amanzi esikhukula afihla imingxuma, izibi ezibukhali, kunye nenkcuba, kananjalo anganokuthwala ukugula. Gcina abantwana kude nawo, kananjalo uhlambe izandla zakho ngaphambi kokutya.
• Ukugula kobushushu, kuba umbane ucimile, iifani kunye nomoya opholisa zicimile, kananjalo abantu basebenza nzima ngaphandle. Jonga ukhuseleko lobushushu emva kwesiqhwithi.
• Ingozi zokucoca, kuquka ukonzakala kwesarha yomthi, ukuwa kwiileli kunye nophahla, kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima. Jonga imithi eyiwileyo kunye neetarpu zophahla.
• Amanzi angekhuselekile kunye nokutya okonakeleyo. Jonga ukhuseleko lokutya namanzi.

Zonke ezi zinokuphepheka. Icandelo lethu emva kwesiqhwithi liphathelele nganye nganakumbi, kuquka ukhuseleko lwejenereyitha, ukubuyela ekhaya ngokhuseleko, kunye nokugula emva kwesiqhwithi.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo¶

• Ukuqhuba ukuya kujonga isikhukula, okanye ukujonga indlu. Iindlela zihlala zivaliwe ngesizathu, kananjalo uhlangulo lwomntu ohambayo lutsala imiqela kude kubantu ababambekileyo.
• Ukushiya ukurhoxa de umoya uqalise. Xa umoya usomeleleyo, ukuhamba ngeenyawo okanye ngemoto kuba nzima kakhulu.
• Ukusebenzisa igrili, isitovu sekampu, okanye ijenereyitha ngaphakathi ixeshana, okanye ngeecango zivuliwe.
• Ukucinga ukuba usuku lwelanga ngelunxweni lukhuselekile kuba isiqhwithi sikude.
• Ukuhamba kwindlela esinesikhukula emva kokuba amanzi ehlile. Umonakalo ongaphantsi komphezulu ungafihlakala, kananjalo indlela inganyamalala.

Izikhokelo ezihlobene¶

• Amagqabantshintshi eziqhwithi achazwayo
• Izilumkiso ezichasene nezaziso zeziqhwithi
• Yazi imandla yakho yokurhoxiswa
• Rhoxa okanye uhlale
• Emva kwesiqhwithi