Amanzi nokudla kwesiphepho¶

Leli khasi likusiza ubale okungakanani amanzi nokudla kwesiphepho okufanele ugcine, indlela yokukugcina kuphephile ekushiseni, nendlela yokwenza amanzi angathembekile aphephe ukuphuzwa. Kusebenza nethayifuni noma isayikloni futhi, nakuphi lapho umpompi nezitolo zingayeka isonto noma ngaphezu.

Ukwenze izinto ezintathu kuphela¶

1. Gcina amalitha 4 (igalani 1) wamanzi ngomuntu ngosuku okungenani izinsuku 7, kuze kakabili ekushiseni.
2. Gcwalisa izinsuku 7 zokudla ongadla ngqo ekanini noma kuphakheji, kanye nesivuli samakani sesandla.
3. Gcina ibhodlela lebhulicho elingenaphunga nedropper, ufunde izinyathelo zokubilisa nokubhulicha ngezansi.

Okungakanani amanzi okufanele ugcine¶

Hlela amalitha 4 (igalani 1) ngomuntu ngosuku. Lokho kumboza ukuphuza, ukupheka, nokugeza okuyisisekelo. I-US CDC ne-Ready.gov (US) kokubili zisebenzisa le nombolo njengesiqalo. Isikhungo sakho sesizwe senhlekelele noma umnyango wezempilo ungase usethe enye, ngakho hlola ikhasi lakho lasendaweni.

Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ukugula, nomsebenzi womzimba kwenyusa izidingo zakho. Izingane, omama abancelisayo, abesifazane abakhulelwe, nonoma ubani ogulayo bangadinga okungaphezu kwenombolo eyisisekelo noma kunini.

Amakholomu ekushiseni ngezansi aphindaphinda inombolo eyisisekelo kabili. Lokho kuyisinqumo sokuhlela, hhayi umthetho osemthethweni. Uma uhlala etropiki, gcina ngaphezu kokuncane kakhulu.

Umndeni wamalungu amane esimo sezulu esishisayo, uhlela izinsuku 14, udinga amalitha 448 (amagalani 112). Uma ungakwazi ukugcina okungakanani, qala ngezinsuku 7 ukhule emasontweni alandela. Ijugi elilodwa lamalitha 19 (amagalani 5) limboza umuntu oyedwa cishi izinsuku 5 ngesamba esiyisisekelo, noma cishi izinsuku 2 nohhafu ekushiseni.

Engeza amanzi ezilwane ngaphezu kwalokhu. Ikhithi lesimo esiphuthumayo lesilwane sasekhaya linezisamba zazo.

Ukukhetha ama-container¶

Amanzi ebhodleleni yinketho elula kakhulu. Agcina avaliwe kupakheji lawo uwasebenzise ngosuku oluprintiwe kuwo.

Uma ugcwalisa owakho, sebenzisa ama-container asetshenziswa ukudla anezivalo eziqinile. Amabhodlela wesoda noma wamanzi ahlanzekile asebenza, kanjalo namajugi namajerikheni athengiselwa amanzi okuphuza. Ungasebenzisi amabhodlela wobisi noma wejusi, anzima ukuhlanza, noma noma yini eyake yaba namakhemikhali, ibhulicho, noma uphethiloli.

Cabangela isisindo. Amanzi asinda cishi ikhilogremu 1 ngelitha (amaphondo 8 ngegalani), ngakho i-container yamalitha 20 (amagalani 5) isinda cishi amakhilogremu 20 (amaphondo 44). Ama-container amancane kalula ukuphatha ezitebhisini, ukwabelana, nokuthela.

Indlela yokuhlanza nokugcwalisa ama-container akho¶

Lezi zinyathelo zilandela i-Ready.gov (US).

• Washa i-container nesivalo ngensipho namanzi, uhlambulule.
• Xuba ithiyaspuni 1 (amamilitha 5) yebhulicho elingenaphunga kulitha 1 (ikhwata 1) wamanzi.
• Ithele ngaphakathi, uvale i-container, uyinyakazise ukuthi isixazululo sithinte indawo yonke yangaphakathi.
• Yithele ngaphandle uvumele i-container izome emoyeni.
• Gcwalisa ngamanzi ampompi avela kumthombo ophephile uvale uqinisekise.
• Bhala usuku kuyo ngepeni.
• Shintsha amanzi owagcina ekhaya izinyanga eziyisithupha ngasithupha.

Lapho ugcina amanzi¶

Gcina amanzi endaweni epholile, emnyama, kude nelanga ngqo, kude noluphethiloli, umuthi weziqeda-izinambuzane, namakhemikhali. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ungase ungabi negumbi elipholile, ngakho khetha indawo epholile kakhulu, emnyama kakhulu onayo, njengekhabhethe langaphakathi noma ngaphansi kombhede. Gcina ama-container ngaphezu kophansi uma ikhaya lakho lingakhukhulane.

Mboza i-container yamanzi ngayinye. Amabhakede, amadramu, namathangi avulekile aphenduka izindlu zokuzala zezimiyane ngaphakathi kwezinsuku esimo sezulu esishisayo.

Amathangi, izicistern, namadramu¶

Amakhaya amaningi eCaribbean, eLatin America, eSouth Asia, naseacific encika amathangi ophahla, izicistern, noma amadramu amanzi. Ngaphambi kwesiphepho, awagcwalise uvale izivalo kahle. Ngemva kwesiphepho, uma ithangi lonakele, livuliwe, noma amanzi esikhukhula noma izibi zophahla zifinyelele kulona, phatha amanzi ngaphambi kokuwaphuza. Awasebenzise ngokucima nangokuhlanza kuphela kuze ahlolwe.

Gcwalisa lapho isiphepho sibikezelwa¶

Lapho isaziso noma isexwayiso sikhishwa, gcwalisa i-container ngalinye elihlanzekile onalo: amapoto, izinsimbi zamanzi, amabhodlela, nezixhasi. Amasistim amanzi angalahlekelwa ucindezelo noma angcoliswa ngemva kwesiphepho ngaphandle kwesaziso esanele. Izitolo zingadayisa amanzi ebhodleleni ngesheshe isiphepho siqanjwa, ngakho thenga kusenesikhathi.

Gcwalisa i-bathtub nanoma yimaphi amabhakede amakhulu ngokucima nokugeza, hhayi ukuphuza. I-bathtub ayihlanzekile okwanele amanzi okuphuza ngaphandle uma usebenzisa isaka le-liner elenzelwe ukugcina amanzi ebhavini.

Indlela yokwenza amanzi aphephe¶

Phatha noma yimaphi amanzi ongaqiniseki ngawo. I-Ready.gov (US) yeluleka ukuphathwa kwamanzi onganazi ikhwalithi ngaphambi kokuwaphuza, ukupheka ngawo, ukugeza amazinyo, ukwenza iqhwa, noma ukuxuba ifomula yomntwana. Uma amanzi anyakazisa, awavumele acwile uthele ingxenye ecacile ngendwangu ehlanzekile, iphepha, noma isihlungi sekhofi kuqala.

Ukubilisa¶

Ukubilisa indlela eqiniseke kakhulu yokubulala amagciwane, ngokusho kwe-CDC. I-World Health Organization ithi ukubila okuqhubekayo kwanele ukubulala amagciwane, ama-virus, namaparasite ayingozi.

• Washisa amanzi acacile kuze abile kakhulu, lapho amabhamuza amakhulu ahlale akhuphuka ngisho unyakazisa.
• Awagcine abila umzuzu 1.
• Uma uhlala ngaphezu kwamamitha 1,000 (amafuthi 3,300), bilisa imizuzu 3.
• Avumele apholile ngawodwa, embozwe.
• Agcine kuma-container ahlanzekile anezivalo.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka okufile, athulule abuyelane phakathi kwama-container amabili ahlanzekile, noma ufake usawoti oncane ngequart (cishi ilitha).

Bilisa ngaphandle kuphela uma usebenzisa isitofu sekamu, ibheni yegesi, noma amalahle. Bona ukupheka ngokuphepha ngaphandle kagesi. Uma uxuba ifomula yomntwana, sebenzisa amanzi abiliswe abuye apholile, bona izingane ezincane nezingane ngokwengeziwe.

Ibhulicho¶

Sebenzisa ibhulicho lapho ungakwazi ukubilisa. Ibhulicho alibulali amaparasite wonke kahle njengokubilisa, ngakho bilisa uma ukwazi.

Hlola ilebula kuqala. Uma inikeza imiyalelo yokuphatha amanzi okuphuza, ilandele. Uma kungenjalo, thola iphesenti le-sodium hypochlorite ngaphansi kwe-"active ingredient".

Sebenzisa ibhulicho elingenaphunga kuphela: hhayi elinephunga, elivikela umbala, elingaphaphazeli, noma ibhulicho elinezihlanzisi ezengeziwe. Hlola usuku futhi. Ibhulicho lilahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi, ngakho sebenzisa ibhodlela elisha eligcinwe ekushisweni kwegumbi.

Lezi izisamba zilandela i-US CDC. Linganisa amaconsi nge-eyedropper, noma isisingamizi esiphawuliwe uma unalo. Amaconsi evela kubhodlela elicindezelwa ahluka ngosayizi.

Uma ibhulicho lakho linamandla ahlukile, njengo-3% noma u-4%, leli thebula alisebenzi. Landela ilebula noma imiyalelo yesikhungo sakho sesizwe sezempilo.

• Faka ibhulicho unyakazise.
• Phindaphinde isamba uma amanzi anyakazisa, anombala, noma abandayo kakhulu.
• Linda okungenani imizuzu 30.
• Anuke. Afanele anuke iklorini incane.
• Uma kungekho iphunga, ungawaphuze kuze uwaphathe futhi.
• Uma ukunambitheka kuphezulu kakhulu, athulule phakathi kwama-container ahlanzekile uwavumele ame amahora ambalwa.

Amaphilisi namaconsi¶

Amaphilisi wokubulala amagciwane emanzini alula, abiza okuncane, futhi alula ukugcina ebhegini lesimo esiphuthumayo. Landela ipakheji ngqo, ngoba idosi nesikhathi sokulinda kuhluka ngomkhiqizo.

Amaphilisi we-chlorine dioxide abulala i-Cryptosporidium, iparasite ama-chlorine ne-iodine ajwayelekile angebulali kahle. I-Iodine ayifaneleki abantu abakhulelwe, abanenkinga ye-thyroid, noma abazwela i-iodine. Landela ilebula ngesikhathi ongasebenzisa, ungasisebenzisi njengoxhaso lwesikhathi eside.

Izihlungi¶

Izihlungi ezihambahambayo ezilinganiselwe ku-1 micron noma ngaphansi zisusa amaparasite amaningi, kuhlanganise i-Giardia ne-Cryptosporidium. Izihlungi eziningi ezihambahambayo azisusi ama-virus. Hlola ilebula ngamafayela amagciwane name-virus. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi isihlungi siphatha ama-virus, engeza ibhulicho noma iphilisi ngemva kokuhlunga.

Ukudla okufanele ugcine¶

Khetha ukudla okungadingi ifriji, ukupheka, noma amanzi amaningi. Khetha izinto umuzi wakho odla kakade, ngoba ukushisa nokucindezeleka kunciphisa isicanucanu, uzosikuphendula kukudla okujwayelekile noma kunjani.

• Ufishi kumakani: tuna, sardine, mackerel, noma salmon
• Inyama kumakani: inkukhu, corned beef, noma izoso
• Obhontshisi, ama-chickpea, namalentili kumakani
• Izithelo nemifino kumakani ejusini noma emanzini
• Isobho, isitshulu, noma i-chili kumakani, elingadliwa libandile
• Uphinandi webhathane noma uphinandi wenqolo omunye
• Ama-cracker, amabhiskiti, amakhekhe elayisi, nesinkwa esicaba esihlala
• Izinto zokudla okulungele ukudlwa njengelayisi lesicaba, elidumbayo, noma ama-chickpea ahanguliwe
• Ioats, umcereal, igranola, nezinto ezinamandla
• Izithelo ezomile, izinqolo, nembewu
• Ubisi olungapholi emabhokisini, noma ubisi lempushana
• Ikhofi, itiye, ushukela, nosawoti uma uncika kuzo
• Usawoti lokuphilisana ngomlomo noma amaphakethe we-electrolyte
• Imiklomelo nokudla okuthandwayo
• Isivuli samakani sesandla, nesinye esengeziwe
• Amapuleti, izinkomishi, namathuluzi alahlwayo ukonga amanzi okuhlanza

Ekushiseni, nciphisa ukudla okunosawoti oluningi, okwenza womile futhi kusebenzise amanzi okuphuza. Ilayisi, ipasta, obhontshisi obomisiwe, namanodles abiza okuncane kodwa adinga amanzi noluphethiloli ukupheka, ngakho zibale njengezengeziwe, hhayi isisekelo sekhithi.

Ukudla okumakani ngokwezentengiselwano kuphephile ukudlwa ngqo kukani ngaphandle kokushisiswa, inqobo nje ikani lingonakele. Lahla noma ikani elivuvuzayo, elivuzayo, eliyizenge kakhulu, noma elinoggwayi.

Ukudla okungakanani¶

Hlela izidlo ezincane ezintathu nemiklomelo embalwa ngomuntu ngosuku. Indlela elula yokuhlela: bala izidlo, hhayi amakani.

Izingane ezincane, abantu abane-diabetes, nonoma ubani okudla okukhethekile badinga uhlelo lwabo. Bona izingane ezincane nezingane naezokuqala lokuphatha nemithi.

Ukugcina nokuphendula ukudla¶

• Gcina ukudla kuma-bin eplastiki noma ensimbi avaliwe, ngaphezu kophansi, endaweni epholile emnyama kakhulu onayo.
• Bhala usuku lokuthenga kuzinto ngayinye ngepeni.
• Beka izinto ezintsha ngemuva usebenzise ezindala kuqala.
• Izinyanga eziyisithupha ngasithupha, dla okuseduze kakhulu nosuku lwakho ushintshe.
• Emakhaya ashisa kakhulu noma anomswakama, hlola ezinyangeni ezintathu ngazintathu ngezinambuzane, uggwayi, namapakheji avuvukele.

Dla ukudla okusha kuqala lapho ugesi ucishile¶

1. Dla ukudla efriji kuqala.
2. Dlulela efrisa.
3. Qala ukudla okugciniwe kokugcina.

I-USDA ithi ifriji evaliwe igcina ukudla kuphephile cishi amahora 4. Ifrisa egcwele igcina izinga lokushisa cishi amahora 48, nengagcwele kahle cishi amahora 24, uma isivalo sihlala sivaliwe. Lahla inyama, ufishi, amaqanda, ubisi, nokuseli okungasele ngaphezu kuka-4°C (40°F) ngaphezu kwamahora 2. Ikhasi lokuphepha kokudla namanzi linemithetho egcwele yokugcina noma ukulahla.

Isibonelo sohlu lwesonto 7 lokudla okungadingi ukupheka¶

Lolu hlu lusebenzisa kuphela ukudla okuhlala kahle ngemva kosuku lokuqala. Shintsha ukudla umuzi wakho oluwaziyo.

Ukupheka ngokuphepha ngaphandle kagesi¶

Isitofu sekamu, ibheni yegesi, noma igrili likuvumela ukushisisa ukudla ubilise amanzi. Sisebenzise ngaphandle kuphela, kude namafasitele, iminyango, nama-vent, futhi ungalokothi usisebenzise ngaphakathi, egaraji, noma ngaphansi kweveranda embozwe. Gcina uphethiloli ngaphandle kwendlu ugcine isivimbamlilo eduze.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile ngamanzi nokudla¶

• Ukulinda isexwayiso ukuthenga amanzi. Amashalufu achitha ngesheshe, namanzi odinga angase angekho.
• Ukugcina amanzi kucontainer eyake yaphatha ibhulicho, amafutha, noma amakhemikhali.
• Ukusebenzisa igrili lamalahle noma isitofu sekamu ngaphakathi ukubilisa amanzi.
• Ukuphatha amanzi esikhukhula ngebhulicho uwaphuze. Ibhulicho alenzi amanzi esikhukhula aphephe.
• Ukugcina ukudla okudinga ukupheka kuphela, bese kungatholakali indlela ephephile yokukupheka.
• Ukukhohlwa isivuli samakani sesandla, noma uthenge amakani ongakwazi ukuwavula.
• Ukubala amanzi ebhavini njengamanzi okuphuza.
• Ukugcina ibhulicho elidala. Ibhodlela elilahlekelwe amandla ngeke liphathe amanzi kahle.

Imihlahlandlela ehlobene¶

• Uhlu lwezinsiza zesiphepho
• Amandla, ukukhanya, nokushaja ifoni
• Ukuphepha kokudla namanzi ngemva kwesiphepho
• Izingozi zezempilo ngemva kwesiphepho
• Ikhithi lesimo esiphuthumayo lesilwane sasekhaya