Kutsini ema-hurricane asebenta¶

Lelikhasi lichaza kutsini ema-hurricane asebenta ngelulwimi lolicacile, kuze tibikezelo netixwayiso otizwa titewe nencazelo. Likusita kubona kutsini sivunguvungu sakheka njani, yiphi incenye yaso leyingotsi kakhulu, nakutsi imiphumela yaso ishintja njani ngemahora ngaphambi kwekufika kwaso. Konkhe lapha kusebenta nakuma-typhoon nema-cyclone naku, ngobe sivunguvungu lesifanako. Kuyincenye yekucala yesigaba lesilandzelako.

Inguculo lemfisha¶

• Hurricane sivunguvungu lesikhulu, lesitatazisa, lesakheka ngetulu kwemanti e-ocean lashisa futsi sithatsa amandla ayo kuloya manti.
• Umoya lomubi kakhulu usendaweni lelijikeleze lihlo lelithula, kodvwa imikhanyo yemvula ifinyelela emakhilomitha lamakhulu (emamayela lamakhulu) kucenye.
• Emanti lavela kukukhukhuma kwelwandle nemvula kubangela lufo lolunyenti, kungesi umoya.
• Bukhulu, lijubane, nemvula kubaluleke njengenombolo yesigaba.
• Umnyango wesive wesimo-mango netiphatsimandla tendzawo yakho yinito letimiyalo yekwenta. Yilandzele.

Yini i-hurricane¶

I-hurricane sivunguvungu lesikhulu, lesitatazisa, lesakheka ngetulu kwama-ocean lashisa yetropiki. Kucindzetela komoya lapho sisekelwe kuncane kakhulu, futsi umoya ugingciliza uye endaweni yaloko, uphangisa njengobe uhamba.

Sivunguvungu lesifanako sinemagama lahlukene kuma-ocean lahlukene: hurricane ku-Atlantic nase-eastern na-central Pacific, typhoon ku-western Pacific, ne-cyclone ku-Indian Ocean naseduzane ne-Australia ne-South Pacific. Tisayensi tibita tonkhe njenge-tropical cyclones. Likhasi letfu nga ema-typhoon, ema-cyclone, nema-hurricane emhlabeni wonkhe lichaza emagama, tifunda, nakutsi lesifunda ngasinye sixwayisa bantu njani.

Ku-Atlantic nase-eastern Pacific, sivunguvungu sibitwa nge-hurricane nakufinyelela umoya wawo lomanyama lonemandla ku-119 km/h (74 mph). Ngaphansi kwaloko sibizwa nge-tropical storm nome i-tropical depression. Tive letinye tisebentisa titigele letatiwona. Buka tigaba tetivunguvungu.

Kutsini i-hurricane isakheka¶

Ema-hurricane adzinga emanti e-ocean lashisa, ngalokunyenyane macele kuma-26.5 degrees Celsius (80 degrees Fahrenheit), kanye nemoya lomanti, umoya lomuncane ngetulu esibhakabhakeni, kanye nelicembu lesiphepho lesiyincenye yekucala. Ku-Atlantic, lanyenti acala njengemaveve etiphepho lahamba ngasentshonalanga adlula e-Africa. Ku-western Pacific nase-Indian Ocean, lanyenti acala elitiveni letiphepho leliseduzane ne-monsoon.

Emanti lashisa afudumeta umoya ngetulu kwawo. Loyamoya lofudumetsekile, lomanti, uyakhuphuka, uphole, uphendvuke emafu nemvula, lekudedzela kushisa kokunyenti futsi kwenta umoya ukhuphuke ngalokuphangisako. Umoya lonyenti ungena ngasesandla kuze ungenise endzaweni yaloyomoya wasuswa, futsi kutatazisa kweMhlaba kwenta lonkhe lolihlelo ligiyacaka.

Ngobe kutatazisa kweMhlaba kudzingeka, letiphepho atimelele kusakheka seduze ne-equator. Enhlangothini yase-northern hemisphere titatazisa ngasekudzeni kwewashi (counterclockwise). Enhlangothini yase-southern hemisphere, seduzane ne-Australia, iFiji, iMadagascar, ne-Mozambique, titatazisa ngendlela yewashi (clockwise).

Kutsini i-hurricane ikhula futsi ife¶

Inhlelo sivunguvungu sisale ngetulu kwemanti lashisa nemoya lomuncane ngetulu kwaso, siyachubeka sidla futsi singakhula. Nangabe timo tifanele, sivunguvungu singaba namandla ngetulu kwesigaba sinye ngelilanga linye, lokubitwa sibikezeli nge-rapid intensification. Sivunguvungu lesinganamandla ekuseni singaba i-hurricane kuhwalala, ngakho awukalindze sigaba sikhuphuke ngaphambi kwekwenta sinqumo.

Sivunguvungu sibuthaka nakudlula ngetulu komhlaba nome emanti lapholile, ngobe sisulaleka lipali laso. Umoya lonemandla ngetulu esibhakabhakeni, lobitwa nge-wind shear, nawo ungasidabula. Kodvwa sivunguvungu lesibuthaka asilona lelite ingoti. Sisengeta kwehlisa imvula lenyenti, futsi tivunguvungu letihamba khashane etropiki tingaphendvuka titotivunguvungu letikhulu, letinemandla temhlobo wahlukile, letiletsa umoya nemvula etindzaweni letifana ne-Atlantic Canada, iJapan, ne-New Zealand.

Tincenye tesivunguvungu¶

Lanyenti ema-hurricane anetincenye tatintatu letifanako.

Lihlo incenye lethula lesekujikeni, kusuka emakhilomitha lambalwa kuya kungetulu kwemakhilomitha langu-50 (30 miles) kubanzi. Ngekhatsi kwalo, umoya uyehla futsi lisibhakabhaka lingacacisa. Lokuthula kokwesikhashana, futsi lolunye luhlangothi lwesivunguvungu lungafika kungemizuzu, umoya uvela endzaweni leyiphambene. Buka lekufanele wenze kulihlo.

I-eyewall licembu letiphepho leletitongo letitadlala sisekele lihlo. Lifaka umoya lonemandla kakhulu nemvula lenyenti kakhulu kusona sonkhe sivunguvungu.

Imikhanyo yemvula yagingciliza isuke ku-eyewall, ngalesinye sikhatsi kuya emakhilomitha lamakhulu (emamayela lamakhulu) kucenye. Iletsa imvula lenyenti letfuma, umoya lotatazisa, nema-tornado. Imikhanyo yemvula ingafika kini emahora lamanyenti ngaphambi kwelikati, futsi ingachubeka kufika sikhatsi lesidze emvakwekudlula kwaso.

Kungani bukhulu nelijubane kubaluleke njengesigaba¶

Sigaba sitjela intfo yinye kuphela: umoya lophakeme kangakanani. Asitjeli kutsi sivunguvungu sikhulu kangakanani nome sihamba ngalijubane lini, futsi letimphawu letibili tijwayele kunquma lilinganiso lelulimela sivunguvungu lesikwenta.

Sivunguvungu lesikhulu sichudzela emanti lamanyenti e-ocean ngaphambi kwaso, lokusho kukhukhuma lokukhulu nelibanzi lokungetwako. Nasosakalisa umoya lonemandla endzaweni lenkhulu, sikhatsi lesidze. I-Category 4 lencane ingenta kulimala lokuncane kunaloku lekwentiwa I-Category 2 lenkhulu kakhulu.

Lijubane lekuhamba yincenye yenye. Sivunguvungu lesihamba ngalokuphangisako sidlula futsi sichubeke, nome kungasho kutsi singahambisa umoya lonemandla ngaphakathi. Sivunguvungu lesihambahamba kancane nome sesibekiwe singehlisa emanti lamanyenti kakhulu kulezindzawo letifanako emalangeni lamanyenti, futsi letinye tetikhukhuma letimbi kakhulu letatiwa tavela kutivunguvungu letimile kuhamba. Buka tivunguvungu letidze kutsi uhlale uphephile sikhatsi lesidze.

Lekwenta i-hurricane nakufinyelela kuwe¶

Awuwuva umphumela we-hurricane kanyekanye. Wakha emahoreni lamanyenti, futsi sigaba ngasinye sidzinga tento letihlukile.

Sivunguvungu lesikhulu, lesihambahamba kancane singakugcina ku-eyewall nome kumikhanyo yangephandle emahoreni lamanyenti, ngakho hlela kulindza sikhatsi lesidze, kungesi sincane. Shaja lifoni lakho futsi ugcwalise tikhungo tako temanti ngesikhatsi simo-mango sisathule.

Kungacondzisiseki lokujwayelekile¶

• "Lihlo lisho kuphela." Kuthula kwesiphutfumo. Luhlangothi lwangemuva lwesivunguvungu lujwayele kuba nemandla njengelwangaphambili.
• "Sigaba sitjela kutsi kutawuba kumbi kangakanani." Sigaba silinganisela umoya kuphela. Kukhukhuma, imvula, bukhulu, nelijubane kubaluleke njengakoko.
• "Ngisekulhangothini lolubuthaka." Lonkhe luhlangothi lwe-hurricane lungaba yingoti. Luhlangothi lelibonakala lincane lusengaletsa kukhukhuma nema-tornado.
• "Sivunguvungu sesibuthakile, ngako ngingaphuma." Sivunguvungu lesibuthakile singesengehlisa imvula lenyenti. Lindza tiphatsimandla tako kutsi titsho kutsi ingoti isiphelile.

Kulesigaba¶

Likhasi ngalinye kulesigaba licuketse incenye yinye yesitfombe.

• Ema-typhoon, ema-cyclone, nema-hurricane emhlabeni wonkhe: emagama, ma-ocean basin, tizini, ngubani lobita tivunguvungu, nakutsi luhlelo lwesixwayiso lwesifunda ngasinye lusebenta njani.
• Tigaba tetivunguvungu tichazwe: yini i-Saffir-Simpson scale naletinye titigele tetive letilinganisela, nakungani emanti abulala bantu abanyenti kunemoya.
• Kulindzelwa kwetivunguvungu kanye nekuxwayiswa: yini lesho sixwayiso ngasinye, kutsini tixwayiso tihlukana ngelive, nakutsini utfola tixwayiso.
• Tingoti tetivunguvungu: kukhukhuma kwelwandle, umoya, kukhukhuma kwemanti ngemvula, kuwa kwemhlaba, ema-tornado, kugeleza lokunemandla, netingoti emvakwesivunguvungu.
• Kufundza ikhoni yesibikezelo: yini lecinazwa kuikhoni naletinye timephu, yini letishiyako, nakutsi ngitiphi tibikezelo letitetembekile.
• Nalini sizini yetivunguvungu: tilanga tesizini kuma-ocean onkhe, tinyanga letisezingakaheni, ngubani losengotini, naluhlu lwekucala kwesizini.

Imihlahlandlela lehlobene¶

• Kubala kwesivunguvungu: lekufanele wenze kusuka emalangeni lasihlanu kuye kulilanga linye
• Akha luhlelo lwemndeni lwe-hurricane
• Luhlu lwetimphahla te-hurricane
• Tatisa sifunda sakho sekubalekiswa
• Inchazamagama ye-hurricane